温度对平流层飞艇囊体材料渗漏性能的影响

目的对飞艇囊体材料的渗漏特性进行研究,以预测飞艇设计是否满足需求。方法采用细观力学有限元方法,通过微裂纹密度以及平均裂纹开口大小求解氦气渗漏路径的横截面积,进而预报飞艇囊体的初始渗漏速率,并计算昼夜循环温度下飞艇囊体的渗漏速率及压力变化情况。结果昼夜循环的温度变化导致飞艇内外压差、氦气渗漏速率均发生变化,且均与温度呈正相关。结论该方法能够预报平流层飞艇的极限驻空时长,并为平流层飞艇的设计提供技术支持。     

永磁铁近场等效阻尼计算分析

目的探究相对速度对等效电涡流阻尼效应的影响规律。方法利用解析法和有限元法分别分析了柱塞型电涡流吸振器的动态电磁场分布和电涡流等效阻尼效应,并基于有限元法分析了永磁铁在不同运动速度下的等效阻尼效应。结果有限元法求解电涡流等效阻尼的精度更高,相对运动速度对等效电涡流阻尼系数有相应非线性影响规律。结论解析法认为的恒定磁场实际中是不存在的,等效电涡流分布和强度高度依赖于磁装置的运动特性。     

考虑尾矿材料参数空间变异性的尾矿坝稳定可靠度分析

为客观地评价尾矿坝稳定性,在随机场理论和极限平衡分析框架下,采用考虑参数空间变异性尾矿坝可靠度分析的非侵入式随机有限元法,通过Karhunen Loève级数展开方法离散尾矿材料参数（渗透系数、摩擦角等）随机场,利用Hermite随机多项式展开拟合尾矿坝安全系数与输入参数之间的隐式函数关系;再采用拉丁超立方抽样技术产生输入参数样本点求解多项式展开系数;最后,通过应用到一实际尾矿坝工程说明了该方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法可以真实地模拟尾矿材料的空间变异性对尾矿坝稳定性的影响,保证尾矿坝可靠度分析与确定性稳定分析互不耦合,与10 000次直接拉丁超立方抽样方法相比,该方法具有较高的计算精度和效率。     

The influence of lower extremity postures on kinematics and injuries of cyclists in vehicle side collisions

Objective: A cyclist assumes various cyclic postures of the lower extremities while pushing the pedals in a rotary motion while pedaling. In order to protect cyclists in collisions, it is necessary to understand what influence these postures have on the global kinematics and injuries of the cyclist.

Method: Finite element (FE) analyses using models of a cyclist, bicycle, and car were conducted. In the simulations, the Total Human Model of Safety (THUMS) occupant model was employed as a cyclist, and the simulation was set up such that the cyclist was hit from its side by a car. Three representative postures of the lower extremities of the cyclist were examined, and the kinematics and injury risk of the cyclist were compared to those obtained by a pedestrian FE model. The risk of a lower extremity injury was assessed based on the knee shear displacement and the tibia bending moment.

Results: When the knee position of the cyclist was higher than the hood leading edge, the hood leading edge contacted the leg of the cyclist, and the pelvis slid over the hood top and the wrap-around distance (WAD) of the cyclist's head was large. The knee was shear loaded by the hood leading edge, and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptured. The tibia bending moment was less than the injury threshold. When the cyclist's knee position was lower than the hood leading edge, the hood leading edge contacted the thigh of the cyclist, and the cyclist rotated with the femur as the pivot point about the hood leading edge. In this case, the head impact location of the cyclist against the car was comparable to that of the pedestrian collision. The knee shear displacement and the tibia bending moment were less than the injury thresholds.

Conclusion: The knee height of the cyclist relative to the hood leading edge affected the global kinematics and the head impact location against the car. The loading mode of the lower extremities was also dependent on the initial positions of the lower extremities relative to the car structures. In the foot up and front posture, the knee was loaded in a lateral shear direction by the hood leading edge and as a result the ACL ruptured. The bicycle frame and the struck-side lower extremity interacted and could influence the loadings on lower extremities.     

玻化微珠保温砂浆在隧道防火设计中的应用研究

针对当前多发的隧道火灾,探讨玻化微珠保温砂浆在隧道防火设计中的可行性。通过有限元计算分析,对设置玻化微珠保温砂浆隔热层的隧道衬砌结构防火性能进行研究,同时对不同火灾规模下隧道温度场的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明玻化微珠保温砂浆可以很好地阻止热量的入侵,初步验证了其在隧道防火应用的可行性,可为后续隧道防火设计及相关研究提供参考。     

Study on the wind field and pollutant dispersion in street canyons using a stable numerical method

A stable finite element method for the time dependent Navier-Stokes equations was used for studying the wind flow and pollutant dispersion within street canyons. A three-step fractional method was used to solve the velocity field and the pressure field separately from the governing equations. The Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin(SUPG) method was used to get stable numerical results. Numerical oscillation was minimized and satisfactory results can be obtained for flows at high Reynolds numbers. Simulating the flow over a square cylinder within a wide range of Reynolds numbers validates the wind field model. The Strouhal numbers obtained from the numerical simulation had a good agreement with those obtained from experiment. The wind field model developed in the present study is applied to simulate more complex flow phenomena in street canyons with two different building configurations. The results indicated that the flow at rooftop of buildings might not be assumed parallel to the ground as some numerical modelers did. A counter-clockwise rotating vortex may be found in street canyons with an inflow from the left to right. In addition, increasing building height can increase velocity fluctuations in the street canyon under certain circumstances, which facilitate pollutant dispersion. At high Reynolds numbers, the flow regimes in street canyons do not change with inflow velocity.     

仿生凹坑非光滑密封圈有限元分析

针对超临界流体萃取过程中高压环境下的密封问题,设计了一种具有仿生凹坑特征的新型密封圈。将仿生学原理应用到橡胶圈密封技术中,通过软件对光滑与非光滑表面密封圈进行数值模拟,观察在不同压缩量、不同凹坑直径和间距时,密封圈的接触应力和Von-Mises等效应力变化情况。计算结果表明,当压缩率为12%时,光滑和非光滑密封圈产生的接触应力均达到了超临界萃取过程工作的介质压力8 MPa,其中凹坑直径为2.0 mm、凹坑间距为3.0 mm的模型具有最好的密封性能和耐磨性。     

基于强度折减法的巷道整体安全系数探讨分析

将有限元强度折减法应用到高地应力下巷道的稳定性评价。选用矩形、直墙半圆拱形、直墙半圆拱加反拱形、马蹄形及圆形等5种巷道常用断面开展计算研究。就上述5种典型断面,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS12.0分析了岩土体折减系数对巷道代表点的位移及围岩塑性区的发展的影响,再现了巷道断面岩土体变形发展过程。通过观察围岩塑性区的发展和巷道控制点的位移突变,求得各断面形状的安全系数并找出其潜在破坏面。根据安全系数的大小和破坏面的位置,能够评定巷道断面设计的合理性,并对施工工艺和支护参数提出改进建议。     

超低频声压水听器的设计仿真与测试

随着减振降噪及消声技术的发展,水声探测技术逐渐向低频段延伸。相应地,对适用于超低频频段且具有高灵敏度的水听器需求也越来越迫切。该研究基于有限元理论,对4种形式的声压水听器进行了灵敏度对比分析,构建了超低频、高灵敏度声压水听器的系统模型;通过仿真,得到了其前二阶模态,空气及水中的导纳曲线,以及声压接收灵敏度,仿真结果表明,超低频频段内,该研究设计的声压水听器在空气及水中的频响曲线平坦。基于仿真结果进行了样机制作,对所研制的实物样机进行了实验测试,测试结果表明该种声压水听器具有良好的超低频响应特性以及较高的灵敏度。通过对实物样机的测试,验证了其实用性。     

地铁深基坑变形规律及影响因素数值模拟研究

依托黄土地区某城市地铁车站深基坑工程为背景,建立有限元模型,对深基坑施工过程进行有限元分析,对不同工序下深基坑围护结构的变形规律进行研究;以土层粘聚力、钢支撑位置及桩入土深度为影响因素,分别进行模拟分析.研究表明:有限元模拟方法能有效反映基坑维护结构位移变形规律,黄土粘聚力、钢支撑施作位置及围护桩入土深度的变化对基坑围护结构及周围地表位移有一定影响,设计中的钢支撑位置是最优的设置位置.