硫化罐齿块啮合强度校核及使用缺陷分析

针对硫化罐齿块在使用过程中出现裂纹等使用缺陷甚至导致失效的问题,采用有限元方法,对一台硫化罐的齿块啮合强度进行了校核和 应力分析,基于各个危险截面的应力水平计算结果对该设备快开门结构强度进行了评价。并结合该设备在定期检验过程中发现的缺陷形式,对 缺陷产生原因进行了分析,结果表明在满足啮合强度计算的条件下,该设备的齿块在非危险截面的齿块根部出现了疲劳裂纹,该缺陷的产生和 扩展与制造环节和设备使用过程中的疲劳有关。基于分析结果提出在役硫化罐定期检验的关键位置和检验周期,为该类容器的制造和定期检验 提供参考。     

埋地热油管道泄漏裂纹开裂的应力研究

研究了导致埋地热油管道泄漏裂纹开裂的应力机制,采用有限元方法对埋地热油管道进行模拟计算,求得热-结构耦合作用下管道整体当量应力变化云图,并得出管道弯管处应力高于直管段应力的结论;继而采用电阻应变测试法对埋地热油管道的弯管处进行实时应力测定,并绘制了各测点的轴向和周向应力变化曲线,通过各测点应力比较得出弯管内侧有两点应力波动幅值偏大,弯管外侧4号测点处轴向应力超过管材的屈服点。结果表明:在结构-热应力耦合作用下,埋地热油管道在弯管外侧轴向应力最大,易有I型裂纹萌生并扩展,在弯管内侧易有疲劳裂纹萌生并扩展。     

深部采场进路开采顶板稳定性分析与支护设计

为降低深部矿体开采中冒顶事故的发生概率,确保井下安全开采,采用Q系统分级法、RMR岩体分类和BQ分级法对矿区岩体进行质量评价,结合块体理论和三维有限元分析进路开挖后顶板的稳定性。研究表明:部分岩体在进路开挖后顶板处出现较大拉应力集中,抗拉稳定性降低,极有可能出现冒顶事故。针对这类不稳定岩体,提出永久巷道采用锚喷支护,临时巷道采用锚杆穿带支护;并运用悬吊理论、组合梁理论、屈服强度理论和安全系数法分析支护条件下进路顶板的稳定性,优化支护结构参数。通过振弦式锚杆应力计收集现场未支护巷道与支护巷道轴向力,得出该支护设计对开挖后岩体变形起到了明显改善作用。     

有热源巷道风流温度分布非稳定模型及数值计算

针对矿井有热源巷道中风流温度分布非稳定计算问题,通过通风巷道存在放热源-对流-扩散-热交换的非稳定温度传播方程,建立一维有限元数值模拟求解方法的数学模型,讨论按放热强度（2类热流量条件）的热源项处理算法,给出有热源通风巷道风流初始温度均匀分布与非均匀分布的定解条件,并编写计算机仿真程序进行求解计算。结果表明:在起点27 ℃-热源300 kW和起点32℃-热源100 kW的不同边界条件和热源强度下,有热源通风巷道中温度分布的非稳定传播过程;数值解收敛准则用Peclet数来衡量,取Pe<2作为收敛条件,程序中根据Peclet数自动加以判断,算例中剖分单元长度1.5 m,模拟时间步长取2 s不发生振荡。实现了巷道中风流各点的温度和温度分布随时间的变化过程的描述,为矿井系统多设备热源散热计算及热害防治设计提供基础算法。     

埋地PE燃气管道弯头挖掘破坏有限元分析

为分析挖掘载荷对PE燃气管道弯头的失效特征及影响因素,利用Abaqus建立了挖掘斗齿 管道弯头 土体多体动力学模型,将管道破坏过程分为接触、屈服、挖裂和挖穿4个阶段,分析了不同挖掘条件下,弯头破坏的力学响应。研究结果表明:管道被挖裂之前,外侧应力、应变大于内侧,此后弯头形变量明显增加,内测应力、应变大于外侧;挖掘速度越慢,管道椭圆度越大;斗齿沿轴向挖掘时,变形从齿 管接触面两端产生,沿径向挖掘时,危险点出现在齿 管接触中心位置,后者变形更大;同样径厚比的弯头,管径越小,挖穿时形变越大。     

Influence of ATD versus PMHS reference sensor inputs on computational brain response in frontal impacts to advanced combat helmet (ACH)

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study analyzed the influence of reference sensor inputs from anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) versus postmortem human subjects (PMHSs) on simulations of frontal blunt impacts to the advanced combat helmet (ACH).

Methods: A rigid-arm pendulum was used to generate frontal impacts to ACHs mounted on ATDs and PMHS. An appropriately sized ACH was selected according to standard fitting guidelines. The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) head was selected for ATD tests due to shape features that enabled a realistic helmet fit. A custom procedure was used to mount a reference sensor internally near the center of gravity (CG) of the PMHS. Reference sensor data from the head CG were used as inputs for the Simulated Injury Monitor (SIMon). Brain responses were assessed with the cumulative strain damage measure set at 10%, or CSDM(10).

Results: Compared to ATD tests, PMHS tests produced 18.7% higher peak linear accelerations and 5.2% higher peak angular velocities. Average times to peak for linear accelerations were relatively similar between ATDs (5.5?ms) and PMHSs (5.8?ms). However, times to peak for angular velocities were higher by a factor of up to 3.4 for PMHSs compared to ATDs. Values for were also higher by a factor of up to 13.1 when PMHS inputs were used for SIMon.

Conclusions: The preliminary findings of this work indicate that small differences in ATD versus PMHS head kinematics could lead to large differences in strain-derived brain injury metrics such as CSDM.     

Comparison of Unsteady and Quasi‐Unsteady Flow Models in Simulating Sediment Transport in an Ephemeral Arizona Stream1

Hummel, Ryan, Jennifer G. Duan, and Shiyan Zhang, 2012. Comparison of Unsteady and Quasi‐Unsteady Flow Models in Simulating Sediment Transport in an Ephemeral Arizona Stream. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 987‐998. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00663.x Abstract: Hydrodynamic and sediment transport models are useful engineering tools for predicting unsteady flood flow and sediment transport. Many models such as HEC‐RAS, HEC‐6, and IALLUVIAL apply quasi‐unsteady flow model, whereas others apply the unsteady flow model. It remains unknown if a quasi‐unsteady flow model is sufficiently accurate for simulating sediment transport in rapidly varied unsteady flood events, especially in ephemeral rivers in arid and semiarid regions. This study compared the quasi‐unsteady HEC‐RAS 4.1 model with one‐dimensional (1D) Finite Volume Method (FVM) based model in simulating flood flow and sediment transport in the Pantano Wash, a dryland river in the state of Arizona. The objective is to determine which sediment transport method is appropriate in predicting bed elevation changes in an ephemeral stream, Pantano Wash, and if an unsteady model is more accurate than a quasi‐unsteady flow model in predicting sediment transport. Results showed that the quasi‐unsteady HEC‐RAS model and the 1D FVM yielded similar results of bed degradation and aggradation for this dryland stream, although the FVM model predicted better flood hydrographs. Among the seven sediment transport formulas embedded in HEC‐RAS, Yang’s and Engelund‐Hansen’s equations gave the best matches with the field measurements for this particular case study.     

Analysis of rider and child pillion passenger kinematics along with injury mechanisms during motorcycle crash

Abstract

Objective: Traffic fatalities among motorcycle users are intolerably high in Thailand. They account for 73% of the total number of road fatalities. Children are also among these victims. To improve countermeasures and design of protection equipment, understanding the biomechanics of motorcycle users under impact conditions is necessary. The objective of this work is to analyze the overall kinematics and injuries sustained by riders and child pillion passengers in various accident configurations.

Methods: Motorcycle accident data were analyzed. Common accident scenarios and impact parameters were identified. Two numerical approaches were employed. The multibody model was validated with a motorcycle crash test and used to generate possible accident cases for various impact conditions specified to cover all common accident scenarios. Specific impact conditions were selected for detailed finite element analysis. The finite element simulations of motorcycle-to-car collisions were conducted to provide insight into kinematics and injury mechanisms.

Results: Global kinematics found when the motorcycle’s front wheel impacts a car (config-MC) highlighted the translation motion of both the rider and passenger toward the impact position. The rider’s trunk impacted the handlebar and the head either impacted the car or missed. The hood constituted the highest head impact occurrence for this configuration. The child mostly impacted the rider’s back. Different kinematics were found when car impacted the lateral side of the motorcycle (config-CM). Upper bodies of both rider and child were laterally projected toward the car front. The windshield constituted the highest proportion of head impacts. The hood and A-pillar recorded a moderate proportion. The rider in finite element simulations with config-MC experienced high rib stress, lung strain, and pressure beyond the injury limit. A high head injury criterion was observed when the head hit the car. However, the simulation with config-CM exhibited high lower extremities stress and lung pressure in both occupants. Hyperextension of the rider’s neck was observed. The cumulative strain damage measure of the child’s brain was higher than the threshold for diffuse axonal injury (DAI).

Conclusions: This study revealed 2 kinematics patterns and injury mechanisms. Simulations with config-MC manifested a high risk of head and thorax injury to the rider but a low risk of severe injury to the child. Thorax injury to the rider due to handlebar impact was only found in simulations with config-MC. However, a high risk of skull, lower extremity, brain, and neck injuries were more pronounced for cases with config-CM. A high risk of DAI was also noticed for the child. In simulations with config-CM the child exhibited a higher risk of severe injury.     

力磁效应下螺栓拉伸过程中磁信号检测试验

为探究高压设备在承压过程中法兰连接处螺栓受应力情况，基于力磁耦合效应，结合对螺栓拉伸过程中应力分布的有限元仿真，对螺栓进行了轴向拉伸过程中的应力检测，探究了螺纹连接不同位置的磁信号在拉伸过程的变化。试验结果表明:螺母前几扣处应力较大，后几扣处几乎没有应力集中；对螺栓六角头进行磁信号检测，发现六角头处应力集中不明显；对比42CrMo及35CrMo材料试样在相同拉伸及卸载载荷情况下的磁信号，反映了不同材料应力增大均可促进其磁信号发生变化；通过检测螺母有无铁磁性时螺栓拉伸过程中的磁信号，发现螺母所受压应力对磁信号变化影响较大。结果对工程应用磁信号检测金属法兰密封性具有指导性作用。     

考虑尾矿材料参数空间变异性的尾矿坝稳定可靠度分析

为客观地评价尾矿坝稳定性,在随机场理论和极限平衡分析框架下,采用考虑参数空间变异性尾矿坝可靠度分析的非侵入式随机有限元法,通过Karhunen Loève级数展开方法离散尾矿材料参数（渗透系数、摩擦角等）随机场,利用Hermite随机多项式展开拟合尾矿坝安全系数与输入参数之间的隐式函数关系;再采用拉丁超立方抽样技术产生输入参数样本点求解多项式展开系数;最后,通过应用到一实际尾矿坝工程说明了该方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法可以真实地模拟尾矿材料的空间变异性对尾矿坝稳定性的影响,保证尾矿坝可靠度分析与确定性稳定分析互不耦合,与10 000次直接拉丁超立方抽样方法相比,该方法具有较高的计算精度和效率。