高瓦斯矿井孤岛综放采空区遗煤自燃综合防治技术

针对国阳二矿高瓦斯自燃煤层综放开采的实际情况,分析了"U+Ⅱ"型孤岛综放面采空区遗煤自燃特点及危险性。利用单元法对孤岛面的漏风状况进行了实测,并通过数值模拟分析了综放采空区内的漏风流场,根据采空区自燃"三带"的渗流风速确定了可能自燃带的范围,表明采空区漏风是"U+Ⅱ"型孤岛综放面采空区遗煤自燃的主要危险因素。在此基础上,结合实际情况系统地制定了以有效控制采空区漏风和重点发火区域注胶为主的综合防灭火技术措施,为有效控制综放采空区遗煤自燃,实现矿井高产高效、安全生产提供技术保障。实践表明,运用控制工作面风量与高抽巷负压、均压堵漏、压注胶体防灭火材料及加快工作面推进速度等综合防灭火技术防治高瓦斯矿井"U+Ⅱ"型孤岛综放面采空区遗煤自燃是可行的。     

模糊综合评价在矿井内因火灾评价中的应用

矿井火灾是直接威肋矿井安全生产的主要灾害之一,而矿井火灾又以矿井内因火灾为主。矿井内因火灾的影响因素很多,影响过程也极其复杂。对矿井进行矿井内因火灾安全评价,可以有效识别矿井的火灾危险源和危险源的变化,并对其危险度做出评价,从而为矿井防火安全设计、安全管理提供依据。文中构建了矿井内因火灾评价指标体系的层次结构模型,综合运用模糊综合评价法和层次分析法建立矿井内因火灾模糊综合评价模式。结合实际矿井对其进行安全等级评价,评价结果与实际情况相符。根据评价结果可以采取相应的防灭火措施,为指导矿山安全生产奠定了重要的基础。     

都汶公路高瓦斯隧道施工火源控制关键技术研究

安全控制是高瓦斯隧道监理工作的核心控制内容之一。都（江堰）汶（川）公路高瓦斯隧道断面大,施工倍受瓦斯危害困扰,安全控制难度巨大。而火源则是大断面隧道施工中引起瓦斯燃烧或爆炸的导火索,因而如何遏制火源便成为监理单位抓好安全控制的一大重点。但目前尚无具体先例、方法可循,相关隧道施工规范、监理规范也未对此作出明确的规定。文章通过都汶公路紫坪铺（原名董家山）隧道2005年“12·22”特大瓦斯爆炸事故后的火源监控工作实践,总结出了一套火源监控对策,这对今后类似高瓦斯隧道施工火源控制和推动安全监理技术进步具备较大的借鉴价值。     

钱家营煤矿火灾系统报警功能的实现

钱家营煤矿火灾系统报警可视化软件,实现了人机对话,并创造性地实现了监视控信息和通风网络信息在立体示意图上图形和数字动态交互显示,实现了井下火灾发生时的声音报警和图示报警功能。     

公路隧道事故预防分析

探讨了公路隧道交通事故的特点和主要影响因素,采用事故树分析法对可能导致隧道火灾事故的因素进行了分析,得出在隧道内减少可燃烧物品数量和采用阻燃或不燃物品做内装饰是降低隧道火灾发生概率的有效措施,并提出了预防公路隧道交通事故和火灾的具体对策.     

Insuring Southeast Asian commercial forests: Fire risk analysis and the potential for use of data in risk pricing and reduction of forest fire risk

The author uses his own data gleaned from over 10 years of commercial forestry insurance across the world to propose that despite a low intrinsic fire risk across most of Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia, commercial fire losses are unacceptably high, and could be reduced substantially within the current financial legal and political framework within which forestry companies operate. Opening with a statement about the dearth of forest fire loss data in the commercial sector, it is observed that the consequent inability of general insurers to estimate the rate of fire loss leads to very low insurance participation in forestry within Indonesia. A summary is then provided of the financial and environmental benefits of insurance participation in commercial forestry were this situation to be changed. A short discussion on risk perceptions is introduced to make the point that without reliable commercial forest fire loss data, risk perceptions of fire exposure in Southeast Asia by the financial sector, including insurers, is a barrier to risk transfer and investment. While real fire risk and perceived fire risk for Indonesia seem at present to be in agreement, the paper challenges that this should the case. Comparisons are made with different parts of the world with the knowledge that, in commercial terms, plantations in the low latitudes behave similarly everywhere in terms of fire causes, fire propagation factors, and characteristics of plantation or managed mixed forest fires. A review of the fire sizes within commercial forests is a good indicator of the efficiency of fire management strategies, and profiles from a high fire risk territory and Indonesia are compared. Using commercial and unidentified data the author then demonstrates that commercial growers in Indonesia have a high annual rate of forest fire loss and may also have a significant catastrophe fire exposure. This ‘cat’ exposure is far greater than for equivalent plantations in clearly higher fire risk environments. These conclusions are and should be discussed with forestry companies to change attitude and investment levels. Practical points for improved plantation fire management are made along with comments about the resources required. A parallel discussion then reviews fire risk assessment and management by the insurers to prevent their own ‘forest fire’ losses if they are to get further involved with the provision of Indonesian commercial forest risk transfer. The explanation of how insurers price risk within a portfolio helps identify the specific data needed for a proper risk management strategy to be developed.     

Evaluation of Central North American Prairie Management Based on Species Diversity, Life Form, and Individual Species Metrics

Abstract:  Reintroduction of fire and grazing, alone or in combination, has increasingly been recognized as central to the restoration of North American mixed-grass and tallgrass prairies. Although ecological studies of these systems are abundant, they have generally been observational, or if experimental, have focused on plant species diversity. Species diversity measures alone are not sufficient to inform management, which often has goals associated with life-form groups and individual species. We examined the effects of prescribed fire, light cattle grazing, and a combination of fire and grazing on three vegetation components: species diversity, groups of species categorized by life-form, and individual species. We evaluated how successful these three treatments were in achieving specific management goals for prairies in the Iowa Loess Hills (U.S.A.). The grazing treatment promoted the greatest overall species richness, whereas grazing and burning and grazing treatments resulted in the lowest cover by woody species. Burning alone best achieved the management goals of increasing the cover and diversity of native species and reducing exotic forb and (predominantly exotic) cool-season grass cover. Species-specific responses to treatments appeared idiosyncratic (i.e., within each treatment there existed a set of species attaining their highest frequency) and nearly half of uncommon species were present in only one treatment. Because all management goals were not achieved by any one treatment, we conclude that management in this region may need refining. We suggest that a mosaic of burning and grazing (alone and in combination) may provide the greatest landscape-level species richness; however, this strategy would also likely promote the persistence of exotic species. Our results support the need to consider multiple measures, including species-specific responses, when planning and evaluating management .     

东北林区火烧防火线方法研究

火烧防火线在东北林区应用广泛,是预防森林火灾的重要措施.这项工作由于受天气、可燃物、点火技术等各方面因素影响较大,应用时具有一定的风险性.本文针对火烧防火线过程中,用火条件的选择、点火技术的运用以及用火安全等方面加以分析.     

建设生物防火林带的重要意义

阐述了营造生物防火林带是阻隔林火蔓延、实现"绿色防火"的主要措施,对保障森林资源安全、减少森林灾害的损失将发挥积极作用.     

CNG汽车加气站火灾爆炸危险分析与预防

对压缩天然气（CNG）汽车加气站的危险因素进行了辨识，并且用事故树法对加气站的火灾爆炸危险进行了分析，从技术、教育、管理3个方面提出了预防控制措施。