矿井火区可燃性混合气体爆炸三角形判断法及其爆炸危险性分析

矿井火区可燃性混合气体爆炸危险性的判断 ,目前常用单纯的瓦斯爆炸三角形判别法。此法对实际的判断往往未综合考虑火区温度的影响。为此 ,笔者论述了矿井火区多种可燃性气体同时存在时 ,其混合气体爆炸三角形各参数的工程计算方法 :爆炸界限可用 Le Chatelier法 ,但需根据火区实测温度进行修正 ;爆炸时的临界氧浓度 ,则需用另一种三角形图示法予以确定。由此画出的混合气体爆炸三角形分析图 ,可用于矿井火区 ,尤其是矿井大面积火区的密闭和启封过程中 ,作为可燃性混合气体爆炸危险性的综合判断及其防爆措施的制定 ,都具有实用价值和指导意义     

扑救森林火灾时的注意事项

总结分析了在林火扑救中指挥员应掌握了解的基本情况及扑火队员应注意的事项。     

钢管混凝土柱耐火性能和抗火设计的特点

简要论述了按ISO－834和GS9978－88规定的标准升温曲线升温作用下钢管混凝土柱耐火性能的特点,分析了影响钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的因素,说明了由于钢管和混凝土的共同工作且核心混凝土具有较好的吸热性能,从而使钢管混凝土柱具有较好的耐火性能。在进行钢管钢混凝土柱的抗火设计时,柱子外围只需进行适当的防火涂料保护,即可达到《高层用民建筑设计防火规范（GB50045－95）》对柱结构所要求的耐火极限。《高层用民建筑设计防火规范（GB50045－95）》中对钢结构柱防火保护层厚度的确定方法不适合于钢管混凝土。     

闪火灾害的后果分析

闪火是可燃性气体或蒸气泄漏到空气中并与之混合被点燃而发生的一种非爆炸性的蒸气云燃烧,其主要危害是热辐射和火焰直接灼烧。闪火的热辐射计算包括闪火动力特性及热通量计算。热辐射的大小由火焰的辐射能,视角系数和大气传输率所决定。运用Pietersen(1990)热辐射的伤害－破坏理论,分析计算了一起闪火灾害热辐射造成人的伤害后果和对建筑物的破坏后果。     

Spatial pattern and persistence of historical fire boundaries in southern interior British Columbia

Recent ecosystem and fire management research aims to quantify, model and understand historical fire disturbances focusing on their frequency, size and distribution. Less attention, however, has been paid to fire boundaries and their location on the landscape. Our study presents a spatial method to quantify the location, pattern and persistence of historical fire boundaries using tree ring fire scar data in the lower Stein watershed (British Columbia). Data from Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii collected in 35 one-hectare plots over a 412-hectare study area were analyzed for the period between 1879 and 1947 using local spatial statistics and boundary detection techniques. Results of the analysis using local spatial statistic Moran’s I showed significant clustering of boundaries near topographic breaks. To determine and test whether fire boundaries between plots were persistent, we used boundary detection methods and developed a spatially restricted randomization test. The results revealed that out of 86 possible boundary links, 8 were significantly persistent (P < 0.025) while another 8 were significantly rare (P < 0.025). These spatial methods can help determine the historical spatial configuration of persistent boundaries and can be used to maintain natural forest dynamics.

硝酸锶(钡)降低气溶胶灭火剂腐蚀性研究

研究了添加硝酸锶(钡)降低气溶胶灭火剂腐蚀性的作用,通过测试气溶胶灭火剂固体产物颗粒的生成量、吸湿性和酸碱性,分析了影响气溶胶灭火剂对金属材料腐蚀性的因素,并考察了改性配方灭火性能的变化。     

罐区灾害场景建模及应急处置仿真实训系统研究

针对目前应急消防训练中事故场景感知性、交互性不足等问题,研究了罐区灾害场场景建模方法及人体伤害建模方法,研发了基于可穿戴式体感装备的虚拟现实应急处置实训系统,构建了虚实结合的危险化学品火灾事故应急救援仿真训练环境,使应急人员能够最大程度地贴近实战环境,完成仿真训练,提高标准化操作能力及事故应急处置能力。     

Application of fire suppression materials on suppression of LNG pool fires

An LNG pool fire is considered one of the main hazards of LNG, together with LNG vapor dispersion. Suppression methods are designed to reduce the hazard exclusion zones, distance to reach radiant heat of 5 kW/m², when an LNG pool fire is considered. For LNG vapor dispersion, the hazard exclusion zone is the distance travelled by the LNG vapor to reach a concentration of 2.5% v/v (half of the LNG lower flammability limit).Warming the LNG vapor to reach positive buoyancy faster is one way to suppress LNG vapor dispersion and reduce evaporation rate (thus fire size and its associated radiant heat) and that is the main objective in LNG pool fire suppression. Based on previous research, the use of high expansion foam has been regarded as the primary method in suppressing LNG pool fires. However, in 1980, another method was introduced as an alternative pool fire suppression system, Foamglas^®. The research concluded that 90% of the radiant heat was successfully reduced. Currently-called Foamglas^® pool fire suppression (Foamglas^® PFS) is a passive mitigation system and is deployed after the leak occurs. Foamglas^® PFS is non-flammable, and has a density one-third of the density of LNG, thus floats when an LNG pool is formed.This paper describes the study and confirmation of Foamglas^®PFS effectiveness in suppressing LNG pool fires. In addition, while Foamglas^® PFS is not expected to suppress LNG vapor dispersion, further investigation was conducted to study the effect of Foamglas^®PFS on LNG vapor dispersion. An LNG field experiment was conducted at Brayton Fire Field. The experimental development, procedures, results and findings are detailed in this paper.     

基于BP神经网络的矿井火灾安全评价方法

在对国内煤矿调研的基础上,建立了包括内因火灾、外因火灾、管理和救灾3个子系统的评价指标体系;通过模糊层次法,求解了各指标权重;结 合目前比较成熟的BP神经网络方法,研究了一种新的矿井火灾安全评价方法,并编制了界面友好的软件,在矿井实际应用中取得较为满意的评价结果.     

典型地铁火灾场景中烟气蔓延与控制研究

地铁是现代化的城市轨道交通工具,承担着越来越重要的大客流运输任务,是城市现代化程度的重要指标。随着城市地铁的迅速发展,作为人流密集的公众聚集场所且处于地下的空间,地铁灾害问题愈来愈引起人们的重视。近年来,地铁火灾成为火灾科学界研究的热点。本文针对地铁火灾的特点,设计特定情况下的地铁火灾场景,利用FDS模拟地铁车站的三维烟气流场,对地铁车站火灾烟气的蔓延情况及烟气控制系统对烟气的控制效果进行了研究,通过分析烟气蔓延的过程和特点,得出了无机械送排风或无挡烟装置难以保证人员从站台层向站厅层安全疏散,特别是当站台中部发生火灾时,只有机械送排风和挡烟设施配合使用才可以有效地控制烟气和温度的研究结论。旨在对有效防控地铁火灾和人员疏散的研究提供一定参考。