污泥焚烧残渣制备水处理药剂研究

利用污泥焚烧残渣制备水处理药剂,这方面还未见报道.某市污水处理厂污泥焚烧残渣是以Fe2O3和CaSO4为主的无机矿物质,选用以盐酸为主、硫酸为辅的混酸体系(H 摩尔浓度在7 moL/L以上,每千克残渣用H 为21～25 mol,浓硫酸与浓盐酸体积比是7%～13%).研究结果表明,在反应温度为110～120℃、反应时间在2.5 h、液固比大于2.0 mL/g的情况下,1 kg污泥焚烧残渣能制备得到酸度较小、含铁量略大于28 g/L的水处理药剂10 L,该药剂能应用于该市污水处理厂的生化处理出水.     

参数完全不确定系统在未知输入下的损伤识别

由于各种因素的影响,实际结构系统与计算模型有着不小的差异。本文针对结构系统参数及基底输入完全未知情况下的损伤识别问题,构造了与质量无关的结构规格化刚度参数和阻尼参数,提出了关于结构规格化参数和层间质量比的非线性最小二乘迭代优化识别方法,并给出了用规格化参数进行识别损伤和地震动反演的公式。算例表明本方法是有效的。     

Multi-metric evaluation of the models WARM,CropSyst, and WOFOST for rice

WARM (Water Accounting Rice Model) simulates paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.), based on temperature-driven development and radiation-driven crop growth. It also simulates: biomass partitioning, floodwater effect on temperature, spikelet sterility, floodwater and chemicals management, and soil hydrology. Biomass estimates from WARM were evaluated and compared with the ones from two generic crop models (CropSyst, WOFOST). The test-area was the Po Valley (Italy). Data collected at six sites from 1989 to 2004 from rice crops grown under flooded and non-limiting conditions were split into a calibration (to estimate some model parameters) and a validation set. For model evaluation, a fuzzy-logic based multiple-metrics indicator (MQI) was used: 0 (best) ≤ MQI ≤ 1 (worst). WARM estimates compared well with the actual data (mean MQI = 0.037 against 0.167 and 0.173 with CropSyst and WOFOST, respectively). On an average, the three models performed similarly for individual validation metrics such as modelling efficiency (EF > 0.90) and correlation coefficient (R > 0.98). WARM performed best in a weighed measure of the Akaike Information Criterion: (worst) 0<wk<1$0<w_k<1$ (best), considering estimation accuracy and number of parameters required to achieve it (mean wk=0.983$w_k=0.983$ against 0.007 and ∼0.000 with CropSyst and WOFOST, respectively). WARM results were sensitive to 30% of the model parameters (ratio being lower with both CropSyst, <10%, and WOFOST, <20%), but appeared the easiest model to use because of the lowest number of crop parameters required (10 against 15 and 34 with CropSyst and WOFOST, respectively). This study provides a concrete example of the possibilities offered using a range of assessment metrics to evaluate model estimates, predictive capabilities, and complexity.     

煤自燃极限参数研究

本文定义了煤自燃所需必要条件的极限值,根据煤自身氧化放热性能及其所处的蓄热环境,应用热平衡法推导出引起煤自燃的最小浮煤厚度、最低氧浓度、最大漏风强度、上限平均粒径等极限参数的计算方法。提出只有同时满足浮煤厚度大于极限最小厚度,氧浓度大于下限氧逍度,漏风强度小于上限漏风强度,平均粒径小于极限最小厚度,氧浓度大于下限氧浓度,漏风强度小于上限漏风强度,平均粒径小于上限平均粒径的区域,才是煤层自燃的危险区     

分子连接性指数(mJ)与有机物毒性的相关性

定义原子特征值δ     

一级动力学反应方程参数估计中若干问题的讨论

在农药的环境行为研究中,常用一级动力学反应方程来模拟农药的降解或残留。本文论述了用线性回归分析法估计一级化学动力学方程参数时存在的初始浓度飘移和非本义最优化问题,讨论了与此相关联的试验设置、安全间隔期、分段模拟和试验数据处理等问题,提出了解决问题的初步设想。     

脱硫石膏液相法生产高强度α-石膏的工艺研究

脱硫石膏是火电厂烟气脱硫副产物,由于其粒径较细、颗粒分配不均,煅烧生产比天然石膏困难,而液相法工艺适合脱硫石膏生产高强度α-石膏。对脱硫石膏液相法生产高强度α-石膏的工艺参数进行了研究,通过对反应转晶剂添加量、转化温度、压力及反应时间等参数调整,得到了脱硫石膏生产的合理参数。     

A Study of Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Starch/Poly(vinylalcohol) Based Films

Starch/Poly(vinylalcohol) blends in two different ratios (60:40 and 50:50) were prepared with glycerol as a plasticizer. Films were cast by a solution casting method. One set of films were filled with 10 wt% of bentonite clay and another set of films were crosslinked with epichlorohydrin in an alkaline medium. The prepared film samples were characterized with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The presence of clay and crosslinking with epichlorohydrin was found to have considerable effect on the dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability of the films. Intercomponent H-bonding between starch, Poly(vinylalcohol) and glycerol enhanced the thermal stability of the films. But incorporation of clay and crosslinking with epichlorohydrin enhanced the steric crowding and lowered the thermal stability of the films.     

筑坝反滤料动模量和阻尼比试验的颗粒流模拟

以筑坝反滤料的室内中型动三轴试验结果为基础,运用离散单元法中的二维颗粒流方法建立了轴对称数值试样模型,通过控制加荷过程中试样体积不变的方法,模拟了不排水加载条件下反滤料的动模量和阻尼比试验。调整颗粒的细观接触参数,与真实试验结果进行比较分析,在得到符合实际结果的宏观力学响应的同时,分析了配位数、孔隙率和超孔隙水压的变化,并从微观角度对动三轴试验进行了探讨。讨论了固结比和密实度对动模量的影响,认为粗粒反滤料的固结比对最大动模量的影响比较符合H ard in推导公式的结果。结果表明,颗粒流方法可以较好地模拟反滤料的动模量和阻尼比试验,试验过程中微观方面的表现也符合实际室内试验的规律。     

大空间建筑火灾下钢索的力学反应参数分析

钢索在大空间建筑火灾升温条件下的力学反应是评价索网结构抗火性能的关键依据。基于非线性有限元方法,建立了钢索在高温下的力学分析模型,模拟了大空间建筑火灾升温历程中钢索力学反应全过程,用参数分析方法得到影响钢索在火灾升温历程中力学反应的关键因素。结果表明:在大空间建筑火灾升温历程中,钢索的水平张力呈下降的趋势;随着钢索的预应力比增加、温度场非均匀性的增强和跨度的增加,其水平张力下降速率增大;荷载比的增加对水平张力下降速率影响较小。上述结论与钢索水平张力的解析解一致,可为索网结构抗火性能分析提供参考。