Self‐protective reactions to peer abusive supervision: The moderating role of prevention focus and the mediating role of performance instrumentality

Across 3 studies, we apply a self‐protection perspective of observed mistreatment to examine a moderated mediation model on “when” and “why” third parties are motivated by peer abusive supervision. We hypothesize that prevention‐focused third parties will increase their performance effort as a response to peer abusive supervision, and this effect is mediated by performance instrumentality. In a field study of working adults (Study 1) and an experimental study that manipulated peer abusive supervision (Study 2), we found that peer abusive supervision interacted with third parties' prevention focus to predict their performance effort such that peer abuse was positively related to third parties' performance effort only for those high on prevention focus. Results were replicated in a second field study of working adults (Study 3). Further, we found support for the mediating effect of performance instrumentality. The theoretical and practical implications of our results are discussed.     

软弱围岩节理性质对隧道塌方范围影响研究*

为探究节理岩体在节理扩展-节理破坏-岩体失稳过程中的力学特性变化及变形破坏规律,采用块体离散元软件3DEC进行数值模拟,对节理岩体中隧道开挖后围岩的应力变形状态进行研究。结果表明:法向刚度较小时,可能造成的塌方范围大,法向刚度较大时,造成的塌方范围小;节理剪切刚度对隧道塌方范围的影响较小;节理内摩擦角变化对断层塌落体及上覆未塌落体范围的影响较小。     

烟花爆竹企业安全监控预警系统研究

烟花爆竹企业安全监控预警系统采用分散监控与集中管理的监控策略,不仅可以实现传统的视频监控和记录功能,对烟花爆竹企业生产现场及厂区的工作情况进行实时监视和录像;还可以对烟花爆竹企业安全生产参数（如温度、湿度、静电等）实时采集与处理,对烟花爆竹企业内部及周边的动态安全状况实时分析的基础上根据警情设定自动做出相应的监控预警及应急响应,如声光报警等;同时,对烟花爆竹等危险源可能发生的事故后果（包括死亡、重伤和轻伤等）进行模拟与分析,为事故的应急救援提供科学的决策支持。     

Exploring the use of computer models in participatory integrated assessment – experiences and recommendations for further steps

Integrated assessment (IA) can be defined as a structured process of dealing with complex issues, using knowledge from various scientific disciplines and/or stakeholders, such that integrated insights are made available to decision makers (J. Rotmans, Enviromental Modelling and Assessment 3 (1998) 155). There is a growing recognition that the participation of stakeholders is a vital element of IA. However, only little is known about methodological requirements for such participatory IA and possible insights to be gained from these approaches. This paper summarizes some of the experiences gathered in the ULYSSES project, which aims at developing procedures that are able to bridge the gap between environmental science and democratic policy making for the issue of climate change. The discussion is based on a total of 52 IA focus groups with citizens, run in six European and one US city. In these groups, different computer models were used, ranging from complex and dynamic global models to simple accounting tools. The analysis in this paper focuses on the role of the computer models. The findings suggest that the computer models were successful at conveying to participants the temporal and spatial scale of climate change, the complexity of the system and the uncertainties in our understanding of it. However, most participants felt that the computer models were less instrumental for the exploration of policy options. Furthermore, both research teams and participants agreed that despite considerable efforts, most models were not sufficiently user-friendly and transparent for being accessed in an IA focus group. With that background, some methodological conclusions are drawn about the inclusion of the computer models in the deliberation process. Furthermore, some suggestions are made about how given models should be adapted and new ones developed in order to be helpful for participatory IA. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Participatory integrated assessment of adaptation to climate change in Alpine tourism and mountain agriculture

Winter tourism and mountain agriculture are the most important economic sectors in a major part of the Swiss Alps. Both are highly sensitive to changing climatic conditions. In the framework of the CLEAR project, results from climate impact research in the field of tourism and agricultural production were used to investigate the perception of climatic change by stakeholders and to assess possible adaptations. We used a participatory integrated assessment (PIA) to involve the knowledge, values and experiences of the various social actors in tourism and agriculture (e.g., skiers, tourism managers, farmers) in the research process. Whereas climate change may have various severe direct impacts on the tourism industry, depending on the region, agricultural production may generally benefit from changed climatic conditions. But because of the dependence of farmers on “off-farm” income, the loss due to declining winter tourism in specific areas may cause more important indirect effects. However, the two sectors may adapt actively by choosing from a variety of strategies, and the loss of income from the tourism industry may support the re-evaluation of the various functions agriculture plays in mountain regions, beyond the production of food. The study demonstrates the suitability of the PIA approach to elucidate the interactions between different stakeholders and their perception of the climate change phenomena. A similar participatory approach could be a useful tool to transfer research results and expert knowledge to the political process addressing adaptations to climate change. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于正则化频率变化率与神经网络的石油井架结构损伤识别

阐述结构健康监测中损伤识别的关键问题,介绍基于正则化的频率变化率的损伤定位方法,提出一套基于模态参数和神经网络的损伤识别技术。按相似理论建立了JJ160/41-K型井架实物模型,根据其基本结构和受力特点,以JJ160/41-K井架的实物模型为对象进行损伤研究。结果表明:井架模型在局部结构发生变化时整体的固有频率发生改变;将模态分析理论和神经网络方法相结合,可对已定位损伤的井架进行定量分析;通过实例运算验证了其对结构损伤诊断的有效性。     

氯离子含量对循环半干法烟气脱硫装置操作参数的影响

通过循环半干法烟气脱硫技术在巨宏热电厂135MW机组上的应用,研究了终产物中氯离子含量对操作参数的影响。结果表明：随着终产物中氯离子含量的增加,脱硫效率明显上升,趋近绝热饱和温度提高,布袋除尘器的喷吹周期缩短。     

浅谈如何选择温湿度箱

主要阐述了电子设备应用于不同场所,遇到的各种复杂的环境因素、;如高温、高湿、低温等,这些环境因素的存在将影响电子信息产品的可靠性,本文简要介绍了如何选用温湿度箱。     

TMD抑制桥梁振动仿真分析

分别建立简支梁和调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的运动方程,并采用振型叠加法建立与其对应的广义坐标方程,同时结合现代控制理论,采用状态空间法建立与其对应的状态方程,运用SIMULINK仿真系统对简支梁桥进行了动力仿真分析。首先对未布置TMD的系统进行了仿真分析,并与Newmark-β法编程计算的结果对比,两种方法的计算结果十分接近,说明了SIMULINK方法的准确性;在此基础上,对布置TMD的桥梁进行了分析,通过分析TMD参数对减振效果的影响,进行了动力学解释,所得出的优化参数,可供工程控制参考。     

不同施氮水平对再生水灌溉土壤释氮节律的影响

土壤供氮能力是影响土壤氮素利用效率的一个重要指标,再生水灌溉和施氮水平均影响着土壤供氮能力,研究不同施氮水平对长期再生水灌溉土壤氮素的转化特征可为合理施肥及农产品增产增效提供理论依据.本研究选择河南新乡洪门试验站温室大棚内长期再生水灌溉和清水灌溉土壤,试验共设8个处理:A(N200)(施氮量200 mg·kg-1)、A(N160)(施氮量160 mg·kg-1)、A(N140)(施氮量140 mg·kg-1)、A(N100)(施氮量100 mg·kg-1)、A(N0)(施氮量0 mg·kg-1)、E(清水灌溉常规施氮)、CK(清水灌溉不施氮)、Re CK(再生水灌溉不施氮),采用实验室内常温培养法,分别在培养的7、14、21、28、35、42 d测定土壤铵态氮、硝态氮及全氮含量,并分析了土壤氮素矿化量和氮素矿化速率的变化,通过Freundlich线性等温吸附模型及一级动力学方程拟合了土壤吸附参数Kd和氮素矿化势N0.结果发现,培养前期土壤氮素矿化较快,释放的氮量较高,中后期变化较慢,土壤供氮平稳,同一时段不同处理间土壤累积矿化氮量存在显著差异(p0.05),表明不同外源氮肥输入对土壤氮素的矿化能力影响显著,A(N160)处理的供氮能力最强;同时,在培养前期Re CK处理的土壤氮素矿化累积量显著高于CK处理,表明再生水灌溉较清水灌溉促进了土壤氮素的矿化,显著提高了土壤氮素活性;土壤氮素的矿化速率随着培养时间的增加而逐渐降低,但降幅依次减小并趋于平稳,且不同施氮处理再生水灌溉土壤氮素矿化速率显著高于清水灌溉;不同土壤肥力水平(B0)、外源施氮A(N160)调控,土壤氮素矿化潜势可表达为N0=B0+117.5072t-0.1062.因此,外源氮肥输入显著影响了土壤氮素释放节律,再生水灌溉辅以适宜的施氮量可促进土壤氮素矿化,提高土壤氮素活性.