加油站安全监控预警系统研发与应用

加油站安全监控系统采用分散监控、集中管理与网络传输的监控策略,不仅可实现传统的视频监控和记录功能,还对加油站进出车辆情况、收费情况、设备运行情况以及加油站工作情况进行实时监视和记录;在可实现加油站现场安全参数(如温度、液位、可燃气体浓度等)的实时采集与处理,对在加油站内部及周边动态安全状况实时分析的基础上,根据警情设定自动作出相应的应急反应,如打开声光报警装置等;同时,对危险源可能发生的事故后果(包括死亡、重伤和轻伤等)进行模拟与分析,进而为事故的应急救援提供决策与支持。     

Integrating Modeling and Field Experiments to Evaluate Impacts of Vegetative Practices on Ponderosa Pine Watersheds1

Abstract: Determining watershed response to vegetation treatment has been the subject of numerous hydrologic studies over the years. However, generalizing the information obtained from traditional paired‐watershed studies to other watersheds in a region is problematic because of the empirical nature of such studies and the context dependence of hydrologic responses. This paper addresses the issue of generalizing hydrologic information through integration of process‐based modeling and field observations from small‐scale watershed experiments. To this end, the results from application of a process‐based model were compared with the results from small‐scale watershed experiments in ponderosa pine forests of Arizona. The model simulated treatment impacts reasonably well when compared to the traditional paired‐watershed approach. However, the model tended to overestimate water yields during periods of low flow, and there was a significant difference between the two approaches in the estimation of treatment impacts during the first four years following treatment. The results indicate that the lumped‐parameter modeling approach used here may be limited in its ability to detect small changes, and tends to overestimate changes that occur immediately following treatment. It is concluded that watershed experiments can be highly informative due to their direct examination of cause‐effect relationships, while process‐based models are useful for their processing power and focus on functional relationships. The integrated use of both watershed experiments and process‐based models provides a way to generalize hydrologic information, illuminate the processes behind landscape treatment effects, and to generate and test hypotheses.     

山东及邻近地区中小地震震源参数的测定

采用谱分析方法,利用山东数字地震台网的观测资料,计算了2004～2007年期间山东地区44次3级以上地震的波谱,估算了地震矩、拐角频率、应力降、震源破裂半径,讨论了各震源参数之间的相互关系以及拐角频率的时间分布特征。分析结果表明,地震矩与震级、地震矩与拐角频率、地震矩与震源破裂半径有明显的依赖关系。     

巨型减振结构体系风振效应的参数影响研究

巨型结构风激振动特性非常复杂,其动力性能受多种参数的影响。为合理考虑这些因素的影响,以某48层巨型钢结构为研究对象,针对无控、设置粘滞阻尼器和粘弹性阻尼器三种分析工况,系统研究了其在平均风和脉动风荷载共同作用下的动力响应。通过结构顺风向侧移响应、构件内力响应及顶层加速度响应等一系列数据,揭示了风速攻角、基本风压、附加阻尼比及二阶效应等对此类结构体系风振控制动力性能的影响规律与变化趋势,并依据分析结果对其抗风分析与设计提出了相应的建议,因而具有实用参考价值。     

产酸相最佳发酵类型工程控制对策

对二相厌氧消化工艺的研究证明,产酸发酵阶段对整个厌氧生物处理系统运行的成败起着关键的作用,作为产酸发酵三种类型之一的乙醇型发酵被证明是产酸相的最佳发酵类型。采用连续流二相厌氧生物处理系统,对产酸相乙醇型发酵在实际工程中能够直接控制的运行参数进行了研究与探讨。试验结果表明,产酸相乙醇型发酵的最佳参数：温度为34～38℃,pH为4.0～4.4,Eh为－300～－400mV,HRT为5～6h;污泥负荷应不大于4gCOD/gVSS·d,以2.5gCOD/gVSS·d最佳。     

扩散参数的不确定性及其对扩散因子的影响

根据联邦行署卡尔斯鲁厄核研究中心３１次示踪实验结果,定量估算了高架源,大粗糙度地形条件下,各类天气相应的扩散参数的不确定度。发现同一地点,同一天气类型,扩散参数实测值相差可达二个量级,σｙ的不确定度随天气类型由Ａ至Ｆ类而变大。采用拉丁超立方取样方法估算了上述扩散参数不确定度实测值所导致的小时轴向扩散因子的不确定度。     

基于MATLABR的水质模型参数的确定方法

基于MATLAB可靠的数值计算、强大的绘图功能和简单易学的语言体系,利用MATLAB对河流水质模型的参数进行最优化估值,同时确定模型中的各个参数.指出MATLAB在运用最优化方法于水质模型多参数求解中的作用.提出了以C语言为基础的算法思想.     

动荷载作用下地下岩体洞室应力特征的影响因素分析

用FLAC3D初步分析了动荷载作用下埋深、洞室形状、地应力特征对地下岩体洞室应力特征的影响。分析结果表明:动荷载下,随着埋深的增加,各种洞型应力量值有明显的减小趋势;地应力状态对地形洞室的应力响应有较明显的影响,在自重地应力为主的情况下,洞室拱顶、拱底地最小主应力处于拉应力状态,而构造地应力为主的情况下,洞室拱顶、拱底最小主应力处于压应力状态,且随着侧压系数的增加,洞室的应力由较明显的减小趋势;动荷载作用下,不同断面形状的洞型应力响应有一定区别,圆形洞室应力响应最小,矩形洞室应力响应最大,随埋深、地应力的增加,洞形对洞室应力响应影响减小,当埋深超过300 m后,洞型对应力的影响变化程度不大。     

Improving Efficiency Of Uncertainty Analysis In Complex Integrated Assessment Models: The Case Of The Rains Emission Module

Abstact Ever since the Regional Acidification Information and Simulation Model (RAINS) has been constructed, the treatment of uncertainty has remained an issue of major interest. In a recent review of the model performed for the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) programme of the European Commission, a more systematic and structured uncertainty analysis has been recommended. This paper aims at contributing to the scientific debate how this can be achieved. Because of its complex structure on the one hand and limited research resources (time, computational capacities) on the other hand a full-blown uncertainty analysis in RAINS is hardly feasible. Therefore, all types of uncertainty require more efficient ways for uncertainty analysis. With respect to parameter uncertainty, we propose to focus research efforts for uncertainty analysis on key parameters. Among different approaches to select key parameters that have been discussed in the literature screening methods seem to be particularly appropriate for complex, deterministic Integrated Assessment models such as RAINS. Surprisingly, in Integrated Assessment modelling for air pollution problems of screening design have not been taken up so far. As a case study we consider the emission module of RAINS. We show that its structure allows for a straightforward and effective screening procedure     

山东省不同下垫面大气扩散参数的对比分析

利用在山东各地进行的多次建设项目大气环境影响评价中的大气扩散试验结果,对不同垫面的大气扩散参数做对比分析,讨论下垫面的变化对大气扩散参数的影响以及大气扩散能力与大气污染物浓度分布的关系,试验均采用平衡法进行。结果表明：不同地形下的大气扩散参数有明显差异。与国际扩散参数值相比,山区比平原高０．５－１级,平原地区与国标基本一致,工业区模向扩散参数与国标基本相当,垂直扩散参数１个级别以上;沿海地区横向扩