有实效性选择过喷漆废水处理药剂的简易方式

随着油漆的多样化,在喷涂过程中产生的过喷漆废水中含有的油漆种类也随之增加和变化。在众多的试剂产品中,寻找出有效的处理过喷漆废水的药剂,显得尤为重要。因此为了使实验结论等同于实际运行结果,经过多种模拟实验和实际运行的对比,总结出了适合现场简易操作的实验方法,可有效提前预料实际运行效果。     

中国突发环境事件时间序列分析

突发性环境事件时间序列特征可表征环境风险管理成效及存在问题。研究表明2000年以来中国突发环境事件预防、控制与管理取得了显著成效,其中,突发性水污染事件、大气污染事件以及噪声振动危害年发生频次呈大幅度降低趋势,但固废污染事件自2003年以来的年发生频次变化不大,而其它突发性环境事件自2002年以来的年发生频次则呈快速增长态势,说明中国在强调突发性水环境和大气环境事件监管的同时,还需加强固废污染事件及其它类型突发环境事件的监控与管理。     

采用体积信息熵表征颗粒污泥系统稳定性及其稳定机制

SBR反应器中培养自养硝化颗粒污泥,在絮体转化为颗粒过程中,颗粒的体积信息熵从2.05(27 d,初见颗粒)降低为1.85(95 d),熵值降低的主要动力来自于松散的絮体在较快沉速选择压条件下被淘洗出系统.当絮体被淘洗出系统即完成颗粒化过程,在129 d时测得系统中颗粒沉速分布的中位数为6.27 m.h-1,因此颗粒体积熵值的变化不再受沉速选择压(6m.h-1)的控制.颗粒的粒径、沉速及体积熵值分布均呈现周期性变化,其中信息熵的均值为2.16,最小值为1.79,最大值为2.63.在这种周期性变化过程中,系统总是表现为粒径均值先增大后减小.熵值的波动的驱动力来自于颗粒的破碎与破碎体的成长,体积分布信息熵的大小可以很好地表征系统的稳定性及其稳定机制.     

Population dynamics and regulation in the cave salamander <Emphasis Type="Italic">Speleomantes strinatii</Emphasis>

Time series analysis has been used to evaluate the mechanisms regulating population dynamics of mammals and insects, but has been rarely applied to amphibian populations. In this study, the influence of endogenous (density-dependent) and exogenous (density-independent) factors regulating population dynamics of the terrestrial plethodontid salamander Speleomantes strinatii was analysed by means of time series and multiple regression analyses. During the period 1993–2005, S. strinatii population abundance, estimated by a standardised temporary removal method, displayed relatively low fluctuations, and the autocorrelation function (ACF) analysis showed that the time series had a noncyclic structure. The partial rate correlation function (PRCF) indicated that a strong first-order negative feedback dominated the endogenous dynamics. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the only climatic factor influencing population growth rate was the minimum winter temperature. Thus, at least during the study period, endogenous, density-dependent negative feedback was the main factor affecting the growth rate of the salamander population, whereas stochastic environmental variables, such as temperature and rainfall, seemed to play a minor role in regulation. These results stress the importance of considering both exogenous and endogenous factors when analysing amphibian long-term population dynamics.     

SRT影响MBR有机污染物去除速率研究

通过考察污泥停留时间(SRT)对膜生物反应器(MBR)和粉末活性炭膜生物反应器(PAc-MBR)降解有机物速率的影响,探讨了污泥活性与胞外聚合物(EPS)的关系.结果表明:MBR和.PAC-MBR中COD降解速率随SRT延长均呈先上升后下降的趋势,分别在39～48d和48d时达到最快,对应速率常数为2.586和3.856,PAC-MBR中COD降解速率普遍高于MBR,说明投加PAC使污泥活性提高,SRT对污泥活性影响较大;MBR和PAC-MBR中胞外聚合物质量浓度与COD降解速率常数K1变化趋势一致,且胞外聚合物质量浓度与K1呈良好正相关关系,说明系统的胞外聚合物质量浓度可以作为衡量污泥活性的指标.     

地表UV-B辐射增强对土壤-冬小麦系统呼吸速率和N2O排放的影响

通过室外盆栽实验,用静态箱-气相色谱法测定土壤-冬小麦系统的呼吸速率和N₂O排放通量,研究了UV-B辐射增强20%对土壤-冬小麦系统的呼吸速率和N₂O排放的影响.结果表明,相同的气象条件和田间管理下,UV-B辐射增强处理对呼吸速率和N₂O排放的季节变化模式无明显影响.在返青期,UV-B辐射增强显著降低了土壤-冬小麦系统的呼吸速率,但对N₂O的排放通量没有产生显著影响;在拔节孕穗期,UV-B辐射增强处理显著降低了土壤-冬小麦系统的呼吸速率和N₂O的排放通量;在抽穗-成熟期,UV-B辐射增强处理对土壤-冬小麦系统的呼吸速率和N₂O的排放没有显著影响.返青-齐穗期,UV-B增强处理显著降低土壤-冬小麦系统的N₂O累积排放量;但从齐穗开始至小麦成熟,UV-B增强处理对土壤-冬小麦系统的N₂O累积排放量没有显著影响.     

Assessing field vulnerability to phosphorus loss in Beijing agricultural area using Revised Field Phosphorus Ranking Scheme

Guanting Reservoir,one of the drinking water supply sources of Beijing,suffers from water eutrophication.It is mainly supplied by Guishui River.Thus,to investigate the reasons of phosphorus(P)loss and improve the P management strategies in Guishui River watershed are important for the safety of drinking water in this region.In this study,a Revised Field P Ranking Scheme(PRS)was developed to reflect the field vulnerability of P loss at the field scale based on the Field PRS.In this new scheme,six factors are included, and each one was assigned a relative weight and a determination method.The affecting factors were classified into transport factors and source factors,and,the standards of environmental quality on surface water and soil erosion classification and degradation of the China were used in this scheme.By the new scheme,thirty-four fields in the Guishui River were categorized as"low","medium"or"high"potential for P loss into the runoff.The results showed that the P loss risks of orchard and vegetable fields were higher than that of corn and soybean fields.The source factors were the main factors to affect P loss from the study area.In the study area,controlling P input and improving P usage efficiency are critical to decrease P loss.Based on the results,it was suggested that more attention should be paid on the fields of vegetable and orchard since they have extremely high usage rate of P and high soil test of E Compared with P surplus by field measurements,the Revised Field PRS was more suitable for reflecting the characteristics of fields,and had higher potential capacity to identify critical source areas of P loss than PRS.     

UV-B增强对稻田呼吸速率、CH4和N2O排放的影响

于水稻生长季进行室外盆栽试验,人工模拟UV-B辐射增强20%,采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定稻田生态系统的呼吸速率、CH4和N2O排放通量,研究UV-B辐射增强对稻田生态系统呼吸速率、CH4和N2O排放通量的影响.结果表明,UV-B辐射增强没有改变稻田呼吸速率、CH4和N2O排放通量的季节变化规律;与对照相比,平均呼吸速率...     

空调系统冷冻水循环水泵变频运行的变温差控制

在分析空调系统变流量运行调节的基础上,提出了变温差控制并给出了控制方案。变温差控制过程不仅具有负反馈,而且具有正反馈,能较好的适应空调负荷的变化。比较分析了变温差控制、定温差控制、定压差控制的节能性,变温差控制的节能潜力最大,是一种最佳控制方式。     

220kV变压器噪声及其传播特性浅析

变压器噪声呈中低频特性,距离衰减率低,传播影响范围大。通过对上海某220kV露天变电站变压器噪声的实测数据进行简要分析,论述了220kV变压器噪声的强度及其频率特性,并探讨了变压器噪声在不同距离范围内的传播衰减特性。