危险化学品生产储存运输安全监控系统研究与应用

提出了基于GIS、GPS、GPRS和无线传感网络技术的危险化学品生产储存运输安全监控系统结构及该系统的软件架构和功能设计,介绍了系统在大连某特种气体有限公司的应用情况。该系统利用无线传感网络技术对危险化学品生产储存场所进行实时监控预警,利用GPS和GPRS技术对运输车辆进行跟踪和监控,利用地理信息系统实现对危险化学品生产储存场所及运输车辆信息的查询检索、综合分析、动态管理等功能,从而为危险化学品储存场所安全监测提供科学依据,对抑制事故发生或减少事故伤损范围具有重要的现实意义。     

面向危险化学品运输监测系统的信息融合模型构建

设计一种可用于危化品运输全过程安全状态实时监测的多参数监测系统,并以该系统为基础,构建面向危化品运输安全监测系统的多传感器信息融合模型。该模型综合利用系统监测到的多种参数信息,通过数据预处理、特征提取和状态判决、形势判决、危险态势估计和预测等4个级别的信息融合,结合危险报警模块和数据库管理系统,自动分析被测数据,最终达到对危化品运输安全分类、分级、分层次报警的目的。以该模型为基础讨论部分信息融合算法并设计相应的软件,在实际构建的针对液化石油气的危化品安全监测系统中进行应用试验,结果说明了信息融合模型的有效性。     

高速公路危险品运输环境风险评价及防护应急对策

运用危险品车辆发生交通事故的概率,对国家重点公路威海至乌海线新河一滨州段高速公路危险品运输环境风险做出了评价分析,并提出了防护和应急措施。     

基于社会成本下农用化学品最优使用量的探讨

分析了农用化学品使用的现状及其对环境的负面影响，重点探讨了考虑社会总成本时农用化学品最优使用量的确定，介绍了农用化学品使用环境成本的核算方法。     

我国危险化学品重大危险源风险评估技术探析

对危险化学品重大危险源进行风险评估具有重大意义。危险化学品重大危险源风险评估不仅是企业进行安全管理的重要内容,也是企业事故预防和控制体系中的关键环节,更是确保人民生命财产安全、保障企业安全生产的重要举措,具有重要的战略发展意义。本文首先分析了我国目前的危险化学品重大危险源风险评估研究进展,然后指出了研究的不足之处,并提出了未来研究的发展趋势,为进一步的技术研究提供了有价值的参考。     

大亚湾区石油化工企业安全生产检查结果分析

2012年6月-7月,32位专家对大亚湾区内28家石油化工企业进行了安全生产检查。检查共发现问题762项,其中事故隐患338项,建议424项。本文对大亚湾区石油化工企业安全生产检查结果进行了研究分析,表明大亚湾石化区整体的安全生产水平较高,安全管理较严格,生产装置工艺成熟,安全保护和防护措施到位。检查同时发现个别企业存在较大的安全生产隐患,需要立即整改。本文对检查中发现的共性问题和较严重问题进行了总结分析,并提出了相应的对策、措施和建议,为政府部门监管、企业整改提供参考和依据。     

道路运输危险化学品泄漏事故应急救援系统研究

为提高道路运输危险化学品泄漏事故应急救援的效能,研究开发了危险化学品泄漏事故应急救援系统。该系统针对道路运输危险化学品泄漏事故的特点,融合GIS新技术、高斯模型和现代安全管理方法,开发设计了4个专业子系统和6个数据库,提出了事故应急救援需要的3项主要技术即危险物质和危险源速查技术、灾难事故后果预测技术、应急救援决策的辅助技术,为道路运输危险化学品泄漏事故应急救援提供了技术支撑。     

Inorganic chemicals in domestic water of the United Arab Emirates

The concentration of selected inorganic chemicals was determined for 396 samples of bottled water, desalinated water, and groundwater used for drinking and domestic purposes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The objective of this study was to compare the concentrations of inorganic chemicals in different domestic water types used in the UAE with the World Health Organization (WHO) limits for drinking water. Results of the present study revealed a wide variation in the concentrations of major, minor, and trace inorganic chemicals in domestic water of the UAE. For example, the bottled water sold for drinking is depleted in major ions and the total dissolved solids (TDS) in some brands do not exceed 100 mg/l. On the other hand, some of the domestic water used may contain as much as 3,000 mg/l TDS, which is above the WHO recommended limit for drinking water (500–1,500 mg/l TDS). Similarly, while bottled water is almost free of trace ions and minor constituents, some natural groundwater may have concentrations higher than the WHO recommended limits for drinking water. The cause of this variation is related to the different water sources and the large number of companies producing and distributing drinking and domestic water. Moreover, it is clear that the current controls on domestic water quality in some areas, namely conformance of pH and electrical conductivity measurements with prescribed ranges of values, are currently inadequate. These two parameters are not enough to judge if water is suitable for drinking or not and some consumers may receive domestic water of uncertain quality.     

化学危险品环境风险评价实例

以某化学公司二期项目为例,对化学危险品环境风险评价的内容和方法进行了探讨.     

Distribution of organophosphoric acid triesters between water and sediment at a sea-based solid waste disposal site

Organophosphoric acid triester (OPE) concentration levels in water and bottom sediment at the Osaka North Port Sea-Based Solid Waste Disposal Site were investigated, and the behavior of OPEs in the water environment of the waste disposal site was examined. The more highly water-soluble OPEs were frequently detected in raw water. Of the OPEs detected, TCEP and TCPP showed very high concentrations (1.0–90 μg/l), followed by TEP (0.3–10 μg/l) > TBXP (0.8–6.3 μg/l) > TDCPP (0.6–6.2 μg/l) > TBP (0.2–1.5 μg/l) > TPP (<0.1 μg/l). Most OPEs detected in water were eluted from the disposal waste to the water phase immediately and behaved as dissolved forms with no distribution in suspended solids (SS). On the other hand, the less water-soluble OPEs, such as TCP or TEHP, were detected in bottom sediment but hardly at all in water samples. All OPEs were detected at the waste disposal site, within which their concentration levels were uniform. It appeared that the less water-soluble OPEs were present as SS-associated forms and behaved in line with the floating surface sludge at the bottom. Received: July 6, 1998 / Accepted: February 25, 1999