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251.
采用三级厌氧柱串联形成的递进式强化厌氧处理工艺协同Fenton氧化工艺处理某印染厂的印染废水(COD 1 418 mg/L、色度400倍)。三级厌氧柱的运行参数为:以陶粒为填料,进水p H为7.0,3个厌氧柱的HRT均为16 h,柱温(33±2)℃。厌氧柱2的强化条件为投加280 mg/L钙离子和30 mg/L PAM,厌氧柱3的强化条件为投加350 mg/L煤质活性炭。三级厌氧柱强化前后的COD去除率分别为70.38%和84.13%,色度去除率分别为50.00%和62.50%。Fenton氧化处理的最佳条件为H2O2投加量450 mg/L、Fe SO4投加量450 mg/L、反应p H 3.5、反应时间0.5 h。整个工艺的总COD去除率达96.12%、总色度去除率达78.75%,处理后出水的COD为55 mg/L、色度为85倍,满足GB 4287—2012《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》中的直排标准。 相似文献
252.
为掌握地表-地下联合系统中氨氮与铁锰共存条件下的转化规律,以石佛寺水库为例,通过在入库、出库监测断面布点采样并进行土柱模拟试验,对库区地表水中氨氮转化规律进行研究。结果表明:地表-地下联合系统中的库底土层对地表水中氨氮、铁、锰的去除均存在扩散-吸附-生物氧化3个阶段,且铁的去除要优先于氨氮和锰。对氨氮和铁的去除主要集中在0~40 cm,最大去除率分别为81.25%、60%;对总锰的去除则主要集中在25~45 cm,最大去除率为89.24%。通过对库区地表-地下联合系统中氮素以及铁锰转化相互影响的机理研究,掌握了在地表水至地下水的动态转化过程中,库区不同深度土层中氨氮与铁锰之间的相互作用,为实现氨氮与铁锰同时去除提供了思路。 相似文献
253.
Khalid Elyounssi Ghislaine Volle Adnane El Hamidi Joël Blin 《International Journal of Green Energy》2018,15(8):489-495
Pyrolysis is a promising way to upgrade large amounts of residues from olive oil processing into charcoal. Pyrolysis of the stone and pulp fractions needed to be investigated before conclusions could be drawn. We subjected the olive stone fraction, the pulp fraction, and a mixture of the two to dynamic pyrolysis and isothermal pyrolysis at 360°C. We characterized the charcoals resulting from isothermal pyrolysis at 360°C for different durations in terms of the fixed-carbon content (FCC), carbon content (CC), and high heating value (HHV). We found that charcoal yield from the pulp was higher than that from the stones, which were 38.1% and 32.9%, respectively, after pyrolysis for 360 min. This seemingly unexpected result was due to the high contents of ash (6.22%) and extractives (13%) in the pulp, which remained completely and partially undecomposed, respectively, in the charcoals and are accounted for when calculating yields. However, charcoals obtained from the stones were of higher quality than charcoals from the pulp, with lower ash content and higher FCC, CC, and HHV. In particular, the FCC, CC, and HHV after pyrolysis for 360 min were 73.2%, 74.4%, and 30.2 MJ/kg for the stones and only 61.8%, 63.2%, and 25.9 MJ/kg for the pulp, respectively. Depending on the required quality of the final charcoal, our results help decide whether to pyrolyse the entire olive residues or only one of the two fractions, more likely the stones. 相似文献
254.
Steven R. Abt Christopher I. Thornton Bryan A. Scholl Theodore R. Bender 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(4):923-937
Rock riprap is one of the most widely used erosion control methods for protecting embankments, levees, spillways, and instream structures subjected to overtopping flow conditions. At least 21 stone‐sizing relationships exist to determine the median stone size of a protective riprap layer based on the results of 96 overtopping, laboratory experiments. Test parameters include median stone size, slope, unit discharge, coefficient of uniformity, and riprap layer thickness. A regression analysis was performed relating the observed median stone size to the predicted median stone size to each of the 21 relationships, yielding a coefficient of determination (R2) and percent error for the full spectrum of data. Zonal (partial spectrum of rock sizes) and complexity analyses were also conducted for each relationship. It was resolved that the Khan and Ahmad, and Chang relationships best aligned with the composite dataset. The predictive expressions by Olivier, Hartung and Scheuerlein, Knauss, Maynord, Abt and Johnson, and Siebel yield a noteworthy second tier of stone‐sizing relationships for overtopping conditions. 相似文献
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256.
Benjalak Karnchanasest Darryl W. Hawker 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):411-418
Amphiphilic nonionic cross-linked nanopolymers (NPs) were synthesized to examine removal of five organochlorines (OCs), namely lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, and DDT, from a range of Thai agricultural soils. The synthesized NP particles had polarity characteristics similar to those of nonionic surfactant micelles and were largely in the size range of 55–155 nm. This work aimed to determine the optimal conditions for leaching of OC contaminated soil with NPs and also to investigate the role and influence of soil properties on this leaching. An investigation of the concentrations of aqueous dispersions of these particles found that a concentration of 10 g L?1. was found most effective in leaching the OCs from a column of spiked soil. The optimal contact time that allowed a NP dispersion and spiked soil to reach equilibrium was 48 h. The results indicated influencing factors for OC removal and soil remediation were properties both of the soil and the compounds themselves. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil texture played an important role on the sorption as well as compound hydrophobicity expressed as log KOW values. The removal efficiency was found to be in the range of 85.2–92.8 % for all soil samples and in the order of DDT < aldrin < heptachlor < dieldrin < endrin < lindane regardless of soil type. This order is inversely related to the log KOC values of these compounds. For OC compounds with a similar molecular structure, removal efficiency was related to molecular weight (MW). 相似文献
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The use of column experiments, usually performed to better approximate field conditions, may provide information that is not available from batch experiments. In such experiments heavy metals are often adsorbed until saturation followed by desorption experiments. When the affinity of the metal to soil is high, the retention factor (R) could be greater than thousands and the duration of experiments can become impractically long. In order to use reasonable laboratory time, the flow rate should be increased or the column size decreased. The increase in flow rate produces undesirable kinetic and dispersion effects, so we used very small soil columns (pore volume = 0.31–0.70 ml) and relatively high flow rates (0.03–0.12 ml min−1) in studies of Zn(II) adsorption and retention in soils. Conservative tracer flow column experiments under saturation conditions were carried out to determine flow parameters for different flow rates. Column pore volume (Vp), Peclet numbers (Pe) and longitudinal dispersion coefficients (DL) were determined from breakthrough curves. The effect of type of electrolyte and ionic strength on the Zn(II) retention onto soil was determined. The influence of flow rate and bed height on the retention coefficient and on the mass transfer zone was also studied. The effect of different influent Zn(II) concentrations on the R values obtained was analyzed. Freundlich parameters from column experiments were compared with batch ones. The leaching efficiency of different electrolytes, salts of weak organic acids and EDTA was also studied. 相似文献
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