东北地区玉米低温冷害综合指标研究

在以往对低温冷害指标研究的基础上，将低温冷害成分不同的发育阶段进行分析，结合发育期日数和初霜日研究等，讨论分析了东北地区玉米的低温冷害问题，提出一个玉米低温冷害综合指标。该指标生物学和农学意义明确，计算较为方便，便于在预报上的应用。     

河北张家口地区雹灾区划研究

使用雹灾汇报资料,对本区的雹灾受灾频率、重灾频率和成灾面积比的分布做了区划分析。结果显示：受灾频率较大的地区基本与本区的坝头地带、坝上西部及复杂山地配合;较小的地区是海拔最低的洋河谷地。重灾频率和成灾面积比的分布与受灾频率基本相反。分析原因,主要是雹块大小与海拔高度呈反相关以及生长期的差异。     

GIS在城市防震减灾应急决策中的应用

将地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术应用于城市防震减灾工作,建立了“上海市防震减灾应争决策信息系统（宝山试点区）”。介绍了该系统的组成及各功能模块的结构和作用,并重点分析了系统的核心模块：地震灾害快速评估子系统和地震应急决策信息子系统。     

基于超声脉冲法的火灾损伤后混凝土裂纹深度检测

检测或诊断裂纹深度是火灾后混凝土结构受损综合评判的重要依据。开发一种专用的火灾后混凝土裂纹深度检测仪器,是一项填补国内该领域空白的重要研究课题。在研讨和分析超声脉冲法检测混凝土表面损伤裂纹深度的单面平测法、逐层穿透法和损伤层厚度判定3种测试方法的基础上,笔者设计开发了一种超声测试诊断仪,采用高精度计时电路、传感器驱动电路和自动增益电路,提高了仪器计时精度和抗干扰性。经对多组火灾损伤后的结构混凝土试件的测试,获取了6组共60个声时数据,用给出的方法进行了计算,得出的裂纹深度值与观察结果能较好地吻合。理论与实测表明,提出的裂纹检测方法和开发出的测试仪器具有实用性。     

宁夏冰雹的分布特征

应用1961～2004年宁夏各气象站地面观测资料，统计分析了宁夏冰雹的时空分布特征，探讨了宁夏冰雹产生的主要源地和移动路径。分析表明：20世纪80年代为宁夏冰雹频发期，90年代有减少的趋势；近10年来冰雹大为减少，年际变化比较大，有一定的周期性。冰雹多发生于春末至盛夏，6月为频发期；87％出现在中午至傍晚前后；71．84％的降雹持续时间在1～10min之间。初雹最早发生在3月中旬，终雹最晚结束在10E下旬。有2个频发中心，即宁夏南部的六盘山区和北部的贺兰山区，有“山地多、平川少、南北多、中部少”的地域分布特征。降雹线大部分呈NW—SE走向，移动路径多从西北向东南方向移动；主要发源于六盘山系和贺兰山沿山。     

川藏公路G317线路基水毁危险度分段研究

G317线是我国西藏地区最主要的干线公路之一，是内地与西藏地区经贸流通的重要通道。但是西藏地区环境恶劣，公路路基水毁灾害非常频繁，常常影响公路通行。本文从G317线公路路基水毁的实地调查资料出发，综合分析影响路基水毁发育的因素，对其水毁危险性进行分段研究。经过研究将G317线分为极度危险段、高度危险段、中度危险段、低度危险段、微度危险段和暂无危险段6个路基水毁危险度级别，并对每个危险度级别进行评述.     

冬小麦抗霜性与抗冻性的关系

拔节期霜冻害是制约冬小麦生产的主要因素之一。然而关于冬小麦拔节期抗霜性的鉴定工作,国内外的研究报导还很少。选取了13个起源地和春化特性不同的小麦品种,通过利用人工霜箱模拟田间自然霜冻发生过程的试验方法,在小麦幼穗分化进程中的低温敏感期——药隔期进行抗霜性鉴定。同时,对这13个小麦品种越冬期间的抗冻性进行了鉴定。最后对冬小麦品种的抗冻性与抗霜性之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:抗霜性与抗冻性之间不存在显著的相关关系。抗冻力较强的冬性品种,抗春霜冻的能力不一定就强;相反,抗冻力较低、发育进程快的早熟品种也可能具有较强的抗霜性。     

NEAR REAL-TIME MAPPING OF THE 1975 MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD IN LOUISIANA USING LANDSAT IMAGERY1

ABSTRACT: The project described in this report was undertaken by the Louisiana State Planning Office to establish the extent of backwater flooding in Louisiana in April 1975. Band 7 Landsat imagery, enlarged to a scale of 1:250,000 was used to visually identify flooded areas. Inundated areas were delineated on overlays keyed to 1:250,000 U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles. Tabular data identifying acres flooded, according to land use type, were derived by merging the flood map overlays with computerized 1972 land use data. Approximately 1.12 million acres of the state were inundated by flood waters. The total acreage and land use types affected by flooding were determined within 72 hours from the time the flood areas were imaged. Flooded maps were prepared for 26 parishes. Field observations were made by Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service county agents in order to determine the accuracy of parish flood maps and flood acreage figures by land use type. Results indicated that this was a fast, accurate, and relatively inexpensive method of compiling flood data for disaster planning and postflood analysis.     

2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并噻吩在锦鲫不同组织中的生物富集及对肝脏的氧化损伤

研究了含硫"类二噁英"化合物多氯代二苯并噻吩(PCDTs)中的2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并噻吩(2,3,7,8-TCDT)在锦鲫(Carassius auratus)不同组织中的生物富集规律和对肝脏的氧化损伤.结果表明,2,3,7,8-TCDT在锦鲫各组织中的富集能力表现为肝脏>鳃>肌肉.2,3,7,8-TCDT在锦鲫...     

A review of WTO and environmental issues

Multiple negotiating rounds of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) since 1947 have conferred economic benefits through liberalized international trade. A growing body of evidence also points to linkages between liberalized trade and damage to the global environment, ecology, and natural resource base. Ironically, the increased economic well-being conferred by trade liberalization ultimately provides the basis for improved environmental protection. It is the interim environmental damage due to trade liberalization that is controversial and needing amelioration. The proposition here is to promote further trade liberalization, but only as long as environmental ethics and sustainability issues are satisfactorily addressed. Trade liberalization should not be permitted at the expense of adequate environmental protection and sustainability. Future WTO rounds need to address both development benefits and environmental ethics issues in a net social welfare maximization setting.