The Need for Integrated Linkages and Long-Term Monitoring of Mercury in Canada

A nation-wide ecosystem science network for Canada was formed in 1994. At that time, mercury was a re-emerging issue in Canada and the Coordinating Office for the networksought collaboration to assess the issue. The key mechanismsby which the network has added value in addressing this issue are: 1) Information Dissemination, the network has organised, facilitated and co-hosted a number of regional,national and international mercury events (meetings, conferences and workshops) which have served to bring theexpertise together, the network also disseminates informationon it's web page, and the Coordinating Office hosts an annualNational Science Conference; 2) Collaborative Mercury Monitoring, network partners advocated the need for a singlehemispheric mercury network which resulted in the developmentof a compatible Canada–U.S. mercury deposition network, whichmay also be expanded into Mexico, and 3) Environmental Reporting, the network has collaborated with others to reporton current mercury findings through initiatives such as the 1998 Northeast States and Eastern Canadian Mercury Study, a 1999 Mercury Case Study and is presently a partner in the University of Quebec's proposal to form a Collaborative Mercury Ecosystem Research Network in Canada.     

建筑垃圾的资源化利用是保护生态的有效途径

对建筑垃圾的成分和特征进行了研究,介绍了国外建筑垃圾管理中资源化利用值得借鉴的经验和方法,分析了国内建筑垃圾资源化的管理体制以及综合利用建筑垃圾的状况.通过分析提出了我国建筑垃圾循环再利用的一些基本对策,并就建筑垃圾资源化与环境保护的关系做了阐述.以资源化再利用为主体的全过程循环模式符合国家产业政策,是今后处理建筑垃圾的发展方向.     

浅谈建筑材料利用与环境保护

建筑材料在取材、生产加工、运输、使用和废弃的过程中,排放出大量废水、废气和废渣,对人类的健康造成威胁,产生有害物质,导致大气、水体和土壤污染.因此要开发与生产资源节约型和环保型建筑材料,制定健全的建材环保法规来保护环境.     

钢结构建筑的消防安全性能化设计——系统方法探析

根据钢结构建筑构件耐火性能的特点，应用建筑防火安全性能化设计系统方法对钢结构建筑发生火灾时热、烟对建筑结构和建筑内人员的影响进行了分析研究，确定了火灾下人员与建筑结构的安全准则。运用FDS4．0对一建筑实例建模，通过模型与建筑实际火灾相似性的计算机数值模拟研究，得出了火灾情况下建筑内的热、烟蔓延情况，同时采用ANSYS8．0分析技术对火灾下钢结构的结构反应进行了研究。以性能化设计系统方法对钢结构建筑发生火灾进行了耐火分析研究，在此基础上给出了定量的分析方法，为钢结构建筑的火灾安全工程设计和应用提供了一种新的技术。     

建筑火灾保险技术进展

本文从火灾保险发展历程出发，阐述了进行火灾风险评估的必要性。概述了火灾风险评估的概念的内涵，介绍了国内外较新的火灾风险评估方法，然后对火灾风险评估现状进行了总结；重点叙述了火灾损失评估技术发展情况，并提出了当前急需开展火灾机理和预防措施研究，火灾损失率的数学期望和方差的确定等研究的方向。     

建筑火灾烟气运动数值模拟方法的回顾与评价

系统地介绍了建筑火灾烟气运动的各种数值模拟方法。将收集到的59种建筑火灾模型分为4大类，包括9种网络模型、32种区域模型、15种场模型及3种复合模型；从理论角度阐述了各类模型的计算方法，着重介绍了其中有代表性的几个模型；提出复合模型是未来模型的发展方向。为初涉建筑火灾烟气运动数值模拟的研究人员提供了思路。     

大空间内机械排烟效果的实验研究

在一个全尺寸的大空间火灾实验厅内,进行了不同补风口位置和补风口面积下的机械排烟试验.结果表明,由于烟气的温度较低,烟气和补充的空气较易混合,烟气和空气在交界处存在着较强的质量交换.排烟过程中,烟气是边稀释边被排放,很难和空气实现完全置换.低温烟气进行机械排烟时,区域模拟思想不适用,较难将烟气控制在理论高度.补气口位置和面积对烟气排放及火源燃烧状况具有一定的影响.     

用于智能建筑的环境安全监控系统

本论述了基于3c技术(控制技术、计算机技术、通信技术)的智能建筑安全监测控制的发展趋势，并介绍了作设计的智能建筑(智能小区)的环境安全监控系统。该系统是基于Lonworks现场总线技术的DCS系统，实现智能建筑中的温湿度、各种可燃性、有毒性气体以及火灾的监测控制和报警输出。     

基于热解动力学的有限空间轰燃预测模型

对建筑物中常见的几种可燃物：塑料、硬纸板、布料、三合板、木板等，进行了热解实验，给出了其失重曲线，并导出了热解反应动力学参数——活化能E和频率因子A。建立了基于热解动力学方程和特征浓度的有限空间轰燃预测模型，并给出了计算实例。     

Water scarcity: An alternative view and its implications for policy and capacity building

This article focuses on the somewhat ambiguous concept of scarce water, or, more accurately stated, on the rather more ambiguous concept of scarcity. Still today, water scarcity in a region is defined largely in physical terms, typically gallons or cubic metres per capita if a stock or per capita-year if a flow. However useful purely physical measures may be for broad comparisons, they cannot adequately reflect the variety of ways in which human beings use water — neither to their wastefulness when water is perceived as abundant nor to their ingenuity when it is not. This article argues that water scarcity should be defined according to three orders of scarcity that require, respectively, physical, economic and social adaptations. It goes on to demonstrate that perceiving scarcity mainly in physical terms limits opportunities for policy-making and approaches for capacity building.