历史文化名城的旅游开发

历史文化名城的旅游规划具有重要的宏观指导意义,要围绕历史文化遗存进行旅游系统建设、利用历史街区、历史路段进行旅游线路设计。旅游管理应以保护为主,综合协调,利用旅游感知形象,重点突出、层次分明地进行旅游营销。     

台湾强震对赣粤闽交界及其沿海地区地震形势的影响

试图通过分析台湾地区与赣粤闽交界及其沿海地区的地质构造背景、动力环境、地震活动的相关性来探讨台湾强震对赣粤闽交界及其沿海地区地震形势的影响 ,从而分析赣粤闽交界及其沿海地区近期的地震趋势。     

Earthquake recovery of historic buildings: exploring cost and time needs

Disaster recovery of historic buildings has rarely been investigated even though the available literature indicates that they face special challenges. This study examines buildings' recovery time and cost to determine whether their functions (that is, their use) and their status (historic or non-historic) affect these outcomes. The study uses data from the city of San Francisco after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake to examine the recovery of historic buildings owned by public agencies and non-governmental organisations. The results show that recovery cost is affected by damage level, construction type and historic status, whereas recovery time is affected by the same variables and also by building function. The study points to the importance of pre-incident recovery planning, especially for building functions that have shown delayed recovery. Also, the study calls attention to the importance of further investigations into the challenges facing historic building recovery.     

十七世纪中叶以来长三角地区耕地演变特征及影响因素分析

自十七世纪中叶清朝康熙年间推行土地政策以来,长三角地区耕地变化速度显著加快,对现代社会—经济—环境产生了巨大影响。在前人研究基础上,系统收集了长三角地区十七世纪以来的耕地数据,选择海拔、坡度、土壤与河流距离和人口密度等影响因子,利用SPSS软件进行二元Logistic回归,结合不同时期耕地分布影响因子权重,重建1661—2020年长三角地区耕地演变数据,基于此探索历史耕地的空间分异规律和时间演变过程,系统分析不同时期耕地变化驱动因素。研究发现：长三角地区耕地数量呈现“M”型波动上升趋势,在空间分布上表现为“北多南少”,其空间格局呈“西进北扩,纵深扩散”的演变态势。清朝时期,自然地理环境是影响耕地空间分布的重要因素;农业政策和技术随着社会发展逐渐成为耕地变化的主要原因。改革开放后,工业化城镇化进程加快与生态退耕项目的推进导致长三角地区耕地持续减少。历史时期长三角耕地格局持续受到地理环境因素的影响,呈现出动态变化的特征。在地理变迁与耕地格局演变的过程中,自然地理环境在宏观层面上影响耕地格局的形成与演变,始终是耕地格局演绎变迁的基底,也是区域人文景观的基础。人文地理环境则在微观层面深入且细致地改变耕地格局,反映了人类对自然的开发实践。长三角地区耕地的变化体现了人与地理环境之间的博弈,反映出“人地关系”理念的转变。区域发展规划应突显长三角的生态环境优势,打造区域一体化的生态景观廊道,在可持续发展观的指导下推进生态文明建设和美丽中国建设。     

长江荆江分蓄洪区历史演变、前景和风险管理

依据社会经济统计数据、水文资料、遥感影像信息和实地调查资料，分析了荆江分蓄洪区在历史演变过程中形成的分洪与发展的矛盾及其在未来长江流域防洪体系中的重要作用，指出其风险管理的必要性。运用基于GIS栅格数据的二维水动力洪水动态演进模型，对荆江分蓄洪区1954年的分洪过程进行了模拟和验证，模拟了不同分洪规划方案下的洪水淹没范围，水深和水位，并结合现阶段社会经济发展情况，定量估算了农户和农业的分洪可能损失。在分洪损失评估基础上提出了荆江分蓄洪区引导人口合理发展、促进土地有效利用、开展防洪教育、实施洪水保险和确保安全运用预案等减轻洪水损失提高运用机率的洪水风险管理初步方案。     

基于汶川地震的地震人员伤亡预测模型研究

地震发生以后及时掌握人员伤亡情况对灾后救援具有重要作用,因此,建立地震人员伤亡预测模型是极为重要的。以2008年汶川地震人员伤亡数据及房屋破坏面积数据为基础,运用线性回归分析方法模拟出地震人员伤亡预测模型。该函数模型是以建筑物的易损性为自变量,分别以死亡人数、受伤人数为因变量构建的。同时对回归模型进行误差分析,并参考前人模型可知房屋内人口密度和地震发生时间2个因素对模型有很大影响,进而对回归系数进行调整。最后利用文中模型和其他几种预测模型分别对汶川地震和玉树地震进行验证,并与地震实际伤亡结果进行比较,证明研究的模型的准确性和适用性。     

Vested Interest theory and disaster preparedness

Three studies were designed to extend a combination of vested interest theory (VI) and the extended parallel process model of fear appeals (EPPM) to provide formative research for creating more effective disaster preparedness social action campaigns. The aim was to develop an effective VI scale for assessing individual awareness and ‘vestedness’ relevant to disaster preparedness. Typical preparedness behaviours are discussed with emphasis on earthquakes and tornados in particular. Brief overviews of VI and the EPPM are offered, and findings are presented from three studies (one dealing with earthquakes, and two with tornados) conducted to determine the factor structure of the key VI components involved, and to develop and test subscales derived from the two theories. The paper finishes with a discussion of future research needs and suggestions on how the new subscales may be applied in the design and execution of more effective disaster preparedness campaigns.     

The use of newspaper data in historical earthquake studies

Studies of historical British earthquakes are an essential component of assessing seismic hazard in the U.K.; such studies rely heavily on macroseismic data obtained from printed newspapers. This paper discusses the ways in which newspapers have reported British earthquakes and the nature and limitations of the data that may be acquired from this source. Historical changes in the press as a source of macroseismic data are discussed. It is suggested that an understanding of the background and nature of newspaper data is an important component in the process of revaluating historical earthquakes from such data.     

辽宁省地震灾害初步研究

通过分析地震史料和近代地震调查资料，总结得出辽宁省的地震灾害有以下特点：（1）类型较多，除了浅源地震外，还有由人类生产活动诱发的矿震、水库地震和塌陷地震。（2）发生频繁，近100年来共记录到烈度6度以上的构造地震14次，近年来破坏性矿震每年都有发生。（3）分布范围广，成灾方式不一，全省90％的地区都遭受过6度以上的震害，有的一次成灾，有的灾害系由多次地震累加造成。（4）损失严重，辽宁省经济发达，而灾害频发区集中在中部城市群，因而使地震灾害所造成的经济损失加大。     

The role of schools in helping communities copes with earthquake disasters: the case of the 2010–2011 New Zealand earthquakes

ABSTRACT

This article draws from the author’s four-year study of five school communities hit by the 2010–2011 earthquake sequence in the Canterbury region of New Zealand to highlight the roles that schools played in supporting their communities in the aftermath of the disaster. The article begins by synthesising the relevant literature on disasters, schools in earthquake disasters, and the importance of schools to their communities, pre- and post-disaster. The following themes from the data are discussed: (a) the role of schools in their communities prior to the earthquakes; (b) the role of schools in immediate rescue and response; (c) the role of schools in short-term relief; and (d) the role of schools in long-term recovery. The author then argues that as more evidence shows that schools play such crucial roles in post-disaster response and recovery, we need to better prepare and support them to undertake these functions. Further, we need to recognise the wider roles schools play supporting local communities to build and sustain resilience as part of on-going community cohesion and connectedness, so that society is better prepared when major disasters occur.