松花江鱼体中重金属的富集及污染评价

为研究松花江鱼类重金属的污染现状,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了松花江鱼体中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量,利用F732-V型测汞仪测定了Hg含量,并采用均值型综合污染指数法对重金属污染进行评价。结果表明,松花江鱼体中重金属含量从高到低依次为Zn、Pb、Cu、Hg、Cd,其中,Cu、Zn含量在第二松花江和干流江段的差异不大,Pb和Hg含量在第二松花江江段明显高于干流江段,而Cd含量在干流江段相对较高。不同鱼类体内重金属含量差异较大,除Zn以外,其他4种重金属在肉食性鱼类体内的含量均高于杂食性和植食性鱼类。2006年监测结果表明,松花江鱼体中Cu、Zn、Hg、Cd含量均较低,其污染状况较20世纪90年代已明显好转,但Pb污染程度却在不断加剧,并且受Pb污染的影响,松花江鱼类重金属的综合污染程度较高,特别是第二松花江江段已达到重污染水平。     

国家历史文化名城地区农业与水文地质的关系

国家历史文化名城地区记录了华夏农耕文明更多的生活经验,论文以这些城市地区为研究对象,通过在全国尺度选取典型群体110 个国家历史文化名城地区为样本,并定义农业水文地质适宜度指标,对各类水文地质与农业活动的空间关系进行了量化。从研究结果来看：各富水程度的松散岩类孔隙含水岩组是农业适宜性较强的水文地质类型;碳酸盐岩类含水岩组的农业适宜性也较强;而岩浆岩类含水岩组以及变质岩类含水岩组等则是农业适宜性较弱的水文地质类型,其中松散岩类孔隙含水岩组的农业水文地质适宜度是岩浆岩类含水岩组以及变质岩类含水岩组的2~3 倍。     

某公路隧道病害成因分析与治理研究

通过对某公路隧道病害的现场调查,在对其主要病害进行分类的基础上,充分考虑隧道勘察、设计和施工因素,结合隧道应力分布和受载情况,分析了隧道病害的现状,根据裂缝的走向可将其分为纵向裂缝、斜向裂缝和环向裂缝。笔者认为,该病害产生原因主要是施工、设计及地质因素;提出的隧道病害整治措施是在充分了解隧道地质条件的情况下,应严把施工质量关。研究得到的隧道病害原因和治理预防措施,对相似病害的防治具有借鉴作用。     

ASSESSING THE ACCURACY OF PALEOHYDROLOGIC INDICATORS,HARPERS FERRY,WEST VIRGINIA1

ABSTRACT: Gaging stations established in 1895 at Millville, West Virginia and in 1882 at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia record flows ranging from a maximum of 6,509 m³s^-1 to a minimum of 2 m³s^-1. Historical and botanical indicators were used to extend the systematic flood record of the Shenandoah River for a study reach approximately 7.5-km long. The long systematic record at the site provides a good opportunity to assess the accuracy of these sources of paleoflood information. Habitation of the area by settlers of European descent began in 1733, and historical flood records extend from 1748. Qualitative historical records from different sources were compared to yield the most complete flood history. The correlation between the various sources was extremely high. Botanical flood evidence preserved as adventitious sprouts, tree scars, and ring anomalies were documented in 37 trees. A flood chronology established from these data extended from 1896 to 1955. Botanical indicators provided an accurate, although incomplete, flood chronology. The ability to determine accurate flood stages from paleohydrologic indicators varied. Historical data yielded relatively accurate stages to within 1–2 m; only minimum values of flood stage could be obtained from botanical indicators. These results illustrate some of the strengths and weaknesses of paleohydrologic investigations in the eastern United States.     

福建晋江地震地质灾害分区

收集了晋江市大量的工程地质勘察资料,针对晋江市区场地工程地质条件,从地震地质背景、历史震害的影响出发,依照相应规范和地质类比等方法,通过对晋江市区地震砂土液化、软土震陷、地震边坡效应、地震断层破坏效应的评判,结合地层、地形地貌分布情况,进行了震害效应分区.     

江河防洪系统年超标洪水风险率模型研究

本文在考虑最近一次历史洪水发生时间这一因素下,提出了防洪系统年洪水风险率模型.模型反映了年洪水风险率随距己发生洪水的间隔时间递增的规律.最后对这种规律对防洪标准的影响进行了讨论.     

WATER AND WASTE WATER IN IMPERIAL ROME1

ABSTRACT: Rome is noted for its water and waste water systems which were constructed during ancient times. This paper is a discussion of the impact these systems had on living conditions in the imperial city. Rome's water system provided a constant supply to centrally located areas in contrast to modern systems which deliver water on demand to individual connections. For both water and waste water systems, access points were generally outside the household. Because of this lack of individual connections, Romans were forced to spend much of their time outside their tenements in the baths, latrines, arenas, streets, and shops of the imperial city.     

奎屯市大气降水的特征分析与评价

摘要：以新疆奎屯市为研究对象,于2004—2008年连续5年对大气降水进行了采样分析,以大量的酸雨实测数据,全面系统地研究分析了奎屯市酸雨污染状况,从区域性影响、局地污染影响和大气颗粒物缓冲能力等等方面,对其成因进行了分析,并了解奎屯市大气降水的化学组成与时空化特征,SO4^2-与Ca^2＋是含量最丰富的组分。同时指出奎屯市的硫酸型降水污染应该从总量上控制SO2,并从源头上削减SO2的排放量,浅要地分析了大气污染物排放对酸雨的影响状况,同时提出了防治酸雨污染的可行性建议。为奎屯市环境综合决策和酸雨污染控制提供科学依据。     

德国环境设备责任制度初探

德国《民法典》确定了一般环境侵权的规则——行为责任,再以《环境责任法》确立了特殊的环境侵权的规则——设备责任。设备侵权是危险责任的一种,其构成要件有两个：设备运营对环境产生不良影响进而导致损害;人身、财产受侵害。设备责任的承担不要求设备运营人的过错。设备责任归责采用因果关系推定原则。     

中国环境监理的问题分析和对策探讨

环境监理是实施环境保护措施的有效手段。目前,中国的环境监理工作仍然处于试点、推广阶段,环境监理管理体系尚不完备。本文通过介绍中国环境监理产生的背景、历史发展、概念范畴及存在的诸多问题,提出了完善中国环境监理制度的几点建议,希望环境监理能够在中国今后的环保管理中发挥越来越重要的作用。