How “Natural” are inland wetlands? an example from the trail wood audubon sanctuary in Connecticut,USA

We examined the geology of a small inland wetland in Hampton, Connecticut to determine its postglacial history and to assess the severity of human impact at this remote wooded site. Using stratigraphic evidence, we dernonstrate that the present wetland was created when sediment pollution from a 19th-century railroad filled a preexisting artificial reservoir, and that the prehistoric wetland was a narrow drainage swale along Hampton Brook. This same, severely impacted wetland was interpreted by the Pulitzer Prize-winning naturalist Edwin Way Teale as a beautiful wilderness area of particular interest. These conflicting perceptions indicate that artificial wetlands can be naturally mitigated in less than a century of healing, even in the absence of deliberate management. We also point out that the “wilderness” value of the Teale wetland was in the eye of the beholder and that unseen human impacts may have improved the aesthetic experience.     

Constructing vulnerability: the historical, natural and social generation of flooding in metropolitan Manila

Flooding is not a recent hazard in the Philippines but one that has occurred throughout the recorded history of the archipelago. On the one hand, it is related to a wider global ecological crisis to do with climatic change and rising sea levels but on the other hand, it is also the effect of more localised human activities. A whole range of socio-economic factors such as land use practices, living standards and policy responses are increasingly influencing the frequency of natural hazards such as floods and the corresponding occurrence of disasters. In particular, the reason why flooding has come to pose such a pervasive risk to the residents of metropolitan Manila has its basis in a complex mix of inter-relating factors that emphasise how the nature of vulnerability is constructed through the lack of mutuality between environment and human activity over time. This paper examines three aspects of this flooding: first, the importance of an historical approach in understanding how hazards are generated; second, the degree of interplay between environment and society in creating risk; and third, the manner in which vulnerability is a complex construction.     

中国建筑抗震设计规范的演变与展望

地震区划图是编制抗震设计规范的基础资料。本文回顾了中国地震区划图和建筑抗震设计规范的发展简史,对1 956、1977、1990和2001年编制的中国地震区划图进行了简要比较,指出了4代区划图的差异;对1959、1964、1974、1989和2002年编制的中国建筑抗震设计规范或草案的抗震设计原则进行了比较,详细比较了5部规范或草案中关于地震作用的计算方法、场地分类和地基抗震有关规定的异同点,简要讨论了建筑抗震设计规范的发展方向。     

吉林省历史文化遗存类科普旅游资源的开发

科普旅游是以游览为目的,在游览过程中普及科学知识,集娱乐性、参与性、知识性、教育性于一体的旅游活动.从吉林省的历史文化遗存出发,分重点城市和专项两个方面探讨了吉林省历史文化遗存的科普旅游开发.     

Natural fire management in National Parks

An evolving understanding of ecological processes, together with ambiguities in National Park Service policy, have led to multiple interpretations of the role of management in our large natural area National Parks. National Park Service management policies must be dynamic and responsive to changes in scientific knowledge and societal values. We propose that the principal aim of NPS resource management in natural areas is the unimpeded interaction of native ecosystem processes and structural elements. The case of the changing role of natural fire management is used as an example in developing this rationale.     

TREE-RING RECONSTRUCTION OF UPPER GILA RWER DISCHARGE1

ABSTRACT: Effective planning for use of water resources requires accurate information on hydrologic variability induced by climatic fluctuations. Tree-ring analysis is one method of extending our knowledge of hydrologic variability beyond the relatively short period covered by gaged streamflow records. In this paper, a network of recently developed tree-ring chronologies is used to reconstruct annual river discharge in the upper Gila River drainage in southeastern Arizona and southwestern Arizona since A.D. 1663. The need for data on hydrologic variability for this semi-arid basin is accentuated because water supply is inadequate to meet current demand. A reconstruction based on multiple linear regression (R²=0.66) indicates that 20th century is unusual for clustering of high-discharge years (early 1900s), severity of multiyear drought (1950s), and amplification of low-frequency discharge variations. Periods of low discharge recur at irregular intervals averaging about 20 years. Comparison with other tree-ring reconstructions shows that these low-flow periods are synchronous from the Gila Basin to the southern part of the Upper Colorado River Basin.     

注册安全工程师与企业安全管理人员现状比较分析

截至2006年11月,我国有22856人获得注册安全工程师执业资格证书,17411人已注册成为注册安全工程师。详细分析我国现有注册安全工程师年龄、工作年限以及学历等基本情况;在辽宁、山东、上海等5省市随机抽取200家企业进行抽样调查,分析我国企业安全管理人员的基本情况,并将二者进行对比。结果表明:注册安全工程师执业资格制度利于选拔优秀的安全管理人才,优化企业安全管理人员队伍,提高安全管理人员素质。     

The foundations of planetary agrarianism. Thomas Berry and Liberty Hyde Bailey

The challenge of pursuing sustainability in agriculture is often viewed as mainly or wholly technical in nature, requiring the reform of farming methods and the development and adoption of alternative technologies. Likewise, the purpose of sustainability is frequently cast in utilitarian terms, as a means of protecting a valuable resource (i.e., soil) and of satisfying market demands for healthy, tasty food. Paul B. Thompson has argued that the embrace of these views by many in the consumer/environmental movement enables easy co-optation by agribusiness. It also reflects a critical weakness in this movement: a lack of commitment to philosophical principles that depart from the utilitarian premises of the industrial model of agriculture. This paper draws on the writings of Thomas Berry and Liberty Hyde Bailey to identify the philosophical principles of what we call planetary agrarianism. From the perspective of planetary agrarianism, the pursuit of sustainability is a broad and challenging moral, educational, and political task. Berry helps us see that it is fundamentally a project of worldview transition, which requires a new cultural narrative that must rival, in form and appeal, the mythic power of the utilitarian industrial vision. Liberty Hyde Bailey, author of The Holy Earth (1915) and a leader in the land-grant education and nature-study movements, took up the project of worldview transition in his life work. While in some ways dated and flawed, Bailey’s writings are a valuable source of guidance for developing and pursuing a viable philosophy of agriculture for the 21st century.     

天鹅洲长江故道沉积物柱状样中有机氯农药高分辨率沉积记录

采用GC-ECD测定了天鹅洲长江故道沉积物柱状样中有机氯农药的含量,探讨了有机氯农药的垂直分布特征,结合210Pb同位素定年分析研究该地区有机氯农药的污染历史.研究表明:20种有机氯农药均有检出,总有机氯农药含量范围为1.19～333.67 ng/g(干重),平均值为62.54 ng/g;20世纪60年代末期为该区有机氯农药使用的高峰期,1972年长江截弯取直使来自长江所携颗粒物的污染沉积有所减少,自我国禁用有机氯农药后维持多年较低含量水平,其农药主要为历史残留,至2004年湖区可能仍有部分新的有机氯农药污染物如林丹的输入.     

温湿试验箱发展综述

介绍了温湿试验箱系统组成与工作原理,回顾了温湿试验箱的发展历程,列举了当前温湿试验箱所具有的各种规格与参数,将国内外对温湿试验箱的热工、控制等方面的研究做了介绍,并给出了温湿试验箱的今后发展方向。