安全心理学基础原理及其体系研究

心理学与安全生产有重要的关联性。基于安全科学原理体系现有研究成果及安全心理学研究背景,定义了安全心理学原理,并阐述了安全心理学原理的特征及其研究内容;归纳了安全心理学原理下属的6条基础原理——事故频发倾向原理、安全心理激励原理、心理阈值有限原理、安全认知原理、安全个性心理原理和安全生理心理原理,并论述了这6条原理的内涵及机理,对于部分原理进一步给出了其下属原理的研究思路;在构建安全心理学原理枝叶形体系的基础上,整理了安全心理学原理体系的应用机理,以及这6条原理在体系中各自的功能和地位;最后论述了这6条原理在安全工程实践中的意义。研究表明,该安全心理学原理体系对人员部署、制度规划、安全管理等安全生产层面有积极的影响。     

良性发展论：可持续发展超越与丰富探析之三——良性发展的理论基础

本文在良性发展论：可持续发展超越与丰富探索之一，之二基础上，对良性发展的理论基础进行了讨论。     

用可持续发展原则解析消费者社会和现代市场体系

现代社会的主要特征体现在消费主义意识形态的扩展、技术手段无目的地自我循环 ,并由此而导致人类社会的发展危机。本文主要论述消费者社会以及支撑消费者社会的现代经济体系存在的问题和对人类谋求可持续发展的影响 ,并提出 ,若想维护自然生态环境并维持人类社会的持续发展 ,人类必须重塑生存价值、重新为自然立法     

Building disaster‐resilient micro enterprises in the developing world

Family‐owned micro enterprises operating within the informal sector of most developing countries provide millions of citizens with a livelihood and are the economic backbone of many communities. Yet, the turbulence that emanates up or down respective supply chains following a disaster can cause these entities to fail. This study develops a model that recognises the relative weakness of micro enterprises to such disaster‐related shocks. The model proposes that micro enterprises can moderate the effect of such shocks by creating resilience through cognitive preparation, continuous learning, and the generation of various forms of social capital (cognitive, relational, and structural). The propositions for the model are established through an extensive literature review, coupled with examples drawn from the documents of humanitarian agencies performing disaster relief work in India. This model also serves as a preliminary basis with which to derive metrics to set benchmarks or to assess the viability of a micro enterprise's ability to survive disaster‐related shocks.     

Industrial ecosystems — some conditions for success

SUMMARY

The development of Industrial Ecology (IE) is based on the philosophy that the two systems, the industrial system and the ecosystem operate through different principles of system development and on the philosophy that IE can serve to reduce the conflict between the two systems as it learns from the model of an ecosystem. In an IE, following the roundput analogy of a natural ecosystem, the industrial actors co-operate by utilising each other's waste material and energy flows and try and reduce the system virgin material and energy input as well as the waste and emission output. In a successful IE, a business-environment win-win might be possible because the raw material and energy costs, waste management costs, costs resulting from environmental legislation, as well as the image costs of the companies in the system and of the system as a whole, can be reduced. In this paper, the IE analogy includes the four basic principles of system development of ecosystems; roundput, diversity, locality and gradual change. The principles are understood as a potential direction in which Regional Industrial Ecosystem Management (RIEM) can be developed.     

地质灾害能量质环理论结构模式梗概

以地质灾害能量形成致灾根源为研究导向,论表观灾害形成机理的基础上,从灾害能量质环理论到地质灾害致灾根源作进一步升华探索.运用能量质环理论有针对性地加强对于地震、洪水、泥石流等各种地质灾害能量在介质中传播规律的研究；构建灾害能量传输、聚集成无数能量质点、质点相吸形成环链、环链相交形成能量断面,各个能量断面叠加形成能量破坏体,能量破坏体不断地传输与演化直至最终诱发下一次灾害等全过程循环系统；分析灾害能量在介质中传输及演变规律；提出灾害隔断原理,对防灾减灾工程提出实质性的建议.该项目研究打破了传统的非根源防灾理念,从致灾根源探索灾害的形成及灾害隔断预警.     

Biodiversity conservation: From ecosystem to the ecosystem approach

The possibility of implementing 12 principles of the ecosystem approach is considered with regard to the results of meetings of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and recent international forums. The importance of these principles for achieving the main goals of the CBD is shown, and the role of biosphere reserves in solving urgent problems of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in adjoining territories of subjects of the Russian Federation is discussed.     

Cross-sectional survey methods to assess retrospectively mortality in humanitarian emergencies

Since the rates and causes of mortality are critical indicators of the overall health of a population, it is important to evaluate mortality even where no complete vital statistics reporting exists. Such settings include humanitarian emergencies. Experience in cross-sectional survey methods to assess retrospectively crude, age-specific, and maternal mortality in stable settings has been gained over the past 40 years, and methods appropriate to humanitarian emergencies have been developed. In humanitarian emergencies, crude and age-specific mortality can be gauged using methods based on the enumeration of individuals resident in randomly selected households—frequently referred to as a household census. Under-five mortality can also be assessed through a modified prior birth history method in which a representative sample of reproductive-aged women are questioned about dates of child births and deaths. Maternal mortality can be appraised via the initial identification of maternal deaths in the study population and a subsequent investigation to determine the cause of each death.     

A tale of two cities: restoring water services in Kabul and Monrovia

Kabul and Monrovia, the respective capitals of Afghanistan and Liberia, have recently emerged from long-lasting armed conflicts. In both cities, a large number of organisations took part in emergency water supply provision and later in the rehabilitation of water systems. Based on field research, this paper establishes a parallel between the operations carried out in the two settings, highlighting similarities and analysing the two most common strategies. The first strategy involves international financial institutions, which fund large-scale projects focusing on infrastructural rehabilitation and on the institutional development of the water utility, sometimes envisaging private-sector participation. The second strategy involves humanitarian agencies, which run community-based projects, in most cases independently of the water utilities, and targeting low-income areas. Neither of these approaches manages to combine sustainability and universal service. The paper assesses their respective strengths and weaknesses and suggests ways of improving the quality of assistance provided.     

An ecological perspective on theory, methods, and analysis in environmental psychology: Advances and challenges

Over the course of environmental psychology's brief history, there has been an interest in ecologically oriented approaches to theory and research. Based on this work, this paper identifies a set of six principles of ecological analysis that present theoretical, methodological, and analytic challenges to future research in environmental psychology. These challenges include the theoretical treatment of the multiple contexts within which human experience and behavior occurs, the need for sampling both persons and environments, the modeling of moderating and mediating processes, the issue of self-selection into and out of different settings, the necessity of considering temporal factors in environmental research, reliance on single methods (e.g., verbal report) in data generation, cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs, and the need for greater use of statistical techniques developed for contextual (multi-level) research. These issues are discussed and illustrated using recent developments in environmentally oriented research. The paper concludes with a set of 11 recommendations for the future.