高寒条件下振弦式传感器在线测量尾矿坝浸润线的误差分析及对策

为减少和消除高寒条件下振弦式传感器在线测量浸润线的误差,通过理论分析和现场试验,对造成误差的因素及其影响情况进行了深入研究。结果表明,振弦式传感器产生测量误差的主要来源为设备安装深度的测量误差与尾矿水密度及重力加速度的取值误差,并提出了减少或消除误差的方法和工程技术措施,为高寒地区的浸润线在线精确测量提供了重要指导意义。     

二氧化碳灭火系统扑灭风电机组舱内火灾试验研究

为有效遏制全国多地风力发电机组火灾事故的势头,基于灭火系统在风电机组防火设计中的重要性,提出采用二氧化碳灭火系统对风电机舱进行灭火保护的解决方案。在建造国内首台风电机组火灾模拟试验装置的基础上,通过试验研究二氧化碳灭火系统在常温状态和低温状态下对风电机组火灾的灭火能力。结果表明,该灭火系统能够对风力发电机组进行全淹没灭火保护,适用于空间狭小且结构复杂的风电机舱;在低温条件下,其喷放时间和灭火时间虽比常温状态下长,但灭火效能并未降低。     

城市小区气象条件与污染扩散精细预报研究

从城市小区气象条件与污染扩散精细预报的科研需求和城市大气环境应急响应的应用需求出发,利用新一代全球/区域同化预报系统、城市小区尺度气象和污染扩散模式以及城市尺度污染扩散模式,对城市小区气象条件与污染扩散进行了精细预报试验,并进一步研究了城市小区尺度气象和污染扩散的精细模拟对城市尺度污染扩散模拟的影响.初步建立了城市小区气象条件与污染扩散精细预报方法,即:气象部分由全球到小区逐级单向嵌套、污染部分由小区到城市逐级单向嵌套的方法.预报试验结果表明,这种方法是合理可行的.小区尺度精细模拟对城市尺度污染扩散模拟的影响较大,但其模拟效果还有待利用观测资料进一步验证.     

热力管加热桥面抗冰融冰试验研究

为了研究热力管加热桥面抗冰融冰对于公路交通安全的影响,制作了尺寸为600 mm×600 mm×380 mm的桥梁试件,在人工环境室对热力管融冰进行了模型试验。结果表明:试件上表面温升速率和融冰时间取决于热力管间距、隔热层、风速、环境温度和热力管外表面温度。在相同工况条件下,100 mm间距的热力管融冰能力要大于150 mm间距的热力管,无隔热层时,100 mm间距热力管向上传递的热量占总加热量的13.4%,融冰时间为211 min;150 mm间距热力管向上传递的热量占总加热量的18.3%,融冰时间为271 min。在热力管层下面铺设厚度为2 mm、导热系数为0.062 W/（m· K）的隔热材料后,100 mm间距热力管向上传递的热量占总加热量的46.9%,融冰时间为175 min;150 mm间距热力管向上传递的热量占总加热量的51.9%,融冰时间为161 min。热力管层铺设隔热材料可有效阻止热量向下传递,从而缩短融冰时间。     

产油脂微藻的分离鉴定及培养条件优化

为促进自养高产油微藻的工业化应用,从青海多种生境中分离到34株产油微藻,以筛选获得产油脂最高的青3-2-2株为出发株,18S rRNA分析表明其与栅列藻属(Scenedesmus sp.)同源性达到99%以上,确定该株属于栅列藻属.研究氮源、培养时间、培养温度、初始pH值等培养条件对微藻生物量及油脂含量的影响,优化培养条件为:硝酸钠为氮源,以10%(V/V)接种量接种于普通SE培养基,培养温度为25℃,初始pH 7.0,培养周期为20 d,可以获得较高的油脂产率,比优化前的产率增加了近70%.     

The culture of compound bioflocculant and the analysis of its activated components

利用农业固体废弃物秸秆类纤维素为原料制备复合型生物絮凝剂（CBF）,优化了CBF的培育条件。同时解析了CBF活性物质在发酵液中的分布,并对CBF的活性组分进行了研究。结果表明,在高效纤维素降解菌HIT-3的作用下,秸秆类纤维素发酵3天产糖量达到高峰,此时接入CBF产生菌于灭菌后的纤维素发酵液中,在30℃、140r/min的旋转式摇床上培养36h,整个过程中只需将纤维素发酵培养基的pH值调节到7.2。在上述条件下CBF可获得较优的絮凝效果;多糖是CBF的主要组成成分,CBF的热稳定性良好。其絮凝活性物质主要分布在上清液中。     

基于SARIMA模型的黑龙江省冰雪旅游国际需求预测

选取黑龙江省1990-2011年冰雪旅游入境人次的月度时间序列为研究样本,建立SARIMA模型对黑龙江省冰雪旅游国际需求进行分析预测。结果表明,SARIMA（4,1,4）（1,1,1）。模型的拟合度和短期预测效果都较好。通过应用SARIMA模型进行冰雪旅游预测,以期对黑龙江省旅游企业的冰雪旅游国际客源市场开发及政府部门制定冰雪旅游发展战略和政策调整提供重要的理论依据。     

Household income,living and working conditions of dumpsite waste pickers in Bantar Gebang: Toward integrated waste management in Indonesia

This paper clarifies household income, living and working conditions of dumpsite waste pickers at Bantar Gebang final disposal site for municipal solid waste generated in Jakarta, and investigates the feasibility of integrating the informal sector into formal waste management in Indonesia. The first author did fieldwork for totally 16 months at the site and quantitative field surveys were conducted twice during the period. All respondents in the first round quantitative survey (n = 1390) were categorized as follows: waste pickers, family workers, wage labors, bosses, family of the bosses, housewives, pupils/students, preschoolers, the unemployed, and others. Based on the results of the second round quantitative survey (n = 69 households), their average household income was estimated to be approximately US 216 dollars per month (n = 59 households), which was virtually equivalent to the minimum wage in Jakarta in 2013. Living conditions of scavengers at the site were horrible, and their working conditions were dangerous due to medical waste and other sharp waste. Polluted groundwater was one of the serious environmental problems at the site. Despite the social, health and environmental problems, they were attracted to the freedom of entering the informal recycling system in Bantar Gebang and withdrawing from the system, in which a lot of opportunities were provided for the people having few marketable skills to obtain cash earnings. The freedom of their choice should be guaranteed as a prerequisite before integrating the informal sector into formal waste management. Furthermore, special attentions are required when incomes of scavengers are the same level as minimum wages and the national economy is rapidly growing, because scavengers cannot easily change their jobs due to few marketable skills. Indonesian national waste laws and regulations should be properly applied to facilitate a socialization process at final disposal sites. Measures need to be taken to prevent children from working as informal recycling actors, especially for waste pickers aged 15 or younger.     

金沙江水电资源梯级开发及其经济发展研究

金沙江流域是我国13大水电基地中水能资源蕴涵量最大的地区，但开发率相对较低。在介绍金沙江流域丰富的水电资源及其开发现状的基础上，分析了加快金沙江水电开发的可能条件和重要意义；针对开发中存在的主要问题，根据市场经济原则和具体情况提出了对策和建议。     

救生舱高温环境的传热研究

为提高救生舱热防护能力,延长救援时间,在空载状态下救生舱热载荷研究的基础上,提出救援状态下救生舱外部传热热负荷的量化方法。已知救援状态下救生舱内、外温度随时间变化曲线,拟合温度函数。依据温度变化特点划分区间,积分求取各区间上温度平均值,计算温差,由传热方程计算救援状态下救生舱的热载荷。以某型号救生舱载人综合防护试验为例,根据模拟灾变环境的温度变化特点,运用该方法计算最高温度与常态温度下外部高温空气向舱体及其内部空间传热的热载荷,得到救生舱的总热负荷,外部传热最大传热功率及救生舱热载荷负荷范围。