小规模养殖场CDM项目案例分析

以新疆某地集约化养猪场粪便管理甲烷回收项目为案例,利用《气候变化框架公约》清洁发展机制理事会批准的小规模甲烷回收系统方法学(AMS Ⅲ.D)分析了该项目的减排效应和带来的经济效益。本项目可实现减少CO2排放量9 366 t,每年可带来65万元人民币的经济效益,在提高项目收益情况下减少温室气体排放,减少对当地环境的污染,能够在很大程度上提高其他类似项目的企业及项目业主的积极性。     

可再生能源电力外部效益量化及系统评价

在系统解析可再生能源电力外部效益的基础上,深入探讨了可再生能源发电在能源、环境、经济和社会等系统的贡献,研究有效的方法来货币量化和测量可再生能源发电的外部效益,并构建了可再生能源电力外部效益系统评价指标体系,为制定具有可持续性和成本效益的可再生能源政策提供了有力支持,最后指出可再生能源外部效益量化下一步研究中需要解决的难点问题。     

汉江源土壤流失状况及生态效益测评

在通用土壤流失方程的基础上,提出了土壤侵蚀系数和土壤保持系数的概念和计算方法,用其对南水北调中线工程水源区土壤侵蚀状况及生态效益进行了测评,结果表明:(1)自然条件影响下,研究区潜在土壤侵蚀量大且空间分布差异显著,中高山区远大于河谷盆地区。(2)研究区实际土壤侵蚀量较小,但土壤侵蚀系数较大且空间分布规律性强。人类水土保持措施与土地利用方式对土壤侵蚀贡献率高,低山丘陵区土壤侵蚀系数最大,局部可达0.6,中高山及盆地区相对较小。(3)中高山区水土保持效益略有增加;河谷盆地及低山丘陵区明显减小。(4)低山丘陵区应成为今后水土保护工作的重点监控和治理区,也是应重点考虑的生态补偿区。     

基于耦合关系的中国区域土地利用效益水平测度

新时期,土地利用的属性决定了土地利用能同时产生社会经济效益与生态环境效益,而这两种效益的交互耦合进一步决定了土地利用的整体效益。本研究建立了土地利用的社会经济效益与生态环境效益的耦合模型,设计了分别测度这两种效益的指标体系,用熵值赋权法计算了各指标的权重,进而计算了中国31个省(市、自治区)土地利用中这两种效益的系数及其耦合协调发展系数。结果显示:第一类地区是我国社会经济与生态环境均较好的上海市;第二类地区主要是社会经济发展较好但生态环境建设相对滞后的地区;第三类是生态环境较好但社会经济发展相对滞后的地区;第四类是社会经济发展相对滞后但生态环境建设更为落后的地区;第五类是生态环境建设滞后但社会经济发展更为落后的地区。最后,对每一个类型的成因和未来发展思路作了说明,在此基础上,又说明了中国土地利用的整体效益仍较为有限、整体效益表现出较为明显的区域分布特征、社会经济与生态环境的协调发展已成为提高我国土地利用效益的现实选择等基本政策含义。     

Research on the Knowledge System Framework of Eco-industrial Engineering

With intensified contradiction between the rapid development of modern industry and the carrying capacity of natural environment,coordinating the relationship between economic benefits and ecological benefits is a significant issue to be solved for modern industrial engineering.This paper firstly conducts the comparative analysis between traditional and ecological industry as well as traditional and modern industrial engineering,and indicates that eco-industrial engineering is an inevitable choice for sustainable development of modern industrial engineering;Then,based on industrial ecology,environmental economics and sustainable development theory,the connotation and definition of ecoindustrial engineering are proposed,and the theoretical and practical development of the concepts of eco-industrial engineering are further investigated.Furthermore,the research subject,research content,academic system architecture and evaluation methods of eco-industrial engineering are discussed.Finally,combining the current scientific and technological development,we put forward the important scientific value and practical significance of constructing eco-industrial engineering for the utilization of these concepts.     

效益评审方法在基层环境监测中心(站)应用探讨

在基层环境监测工作中引入综合效益评审的理念和手段,提高基层环境监测中心(站)的经济效益、社会效益和市场竞争力的有效途径,通过评审指标、评审内容和评审手段的方面的研究,为基层环境监测中心(站)开展综合效益评审进行了有益探讨。     

竹柳发展现状及未来趋势——基于案例

竹柳目前已在全国普遍种植,但竹柳的产业化还不够成熟,特别是在生物质能源方面.文章针对竹柳自身优势、产生的综合效益、目前在纸浆和生物质能源产业的开发现状及未来将走的两种模式进行了综述,对其进一步的发展和研究有一定参考意义.参33.     

Use of the Contingent Valuation Method in the assessment of a landfill mining project

A comprehensive approach for the evaluation of the economic feasibility of landfill mining (LFM) should take into account not only the direct costs and revenues for the private investor, but also the social benefits or costs (generally called externalities), in such a way that projects generating major social benefits (and no significant private revenues) are not overlooked.With a view to contributing to the development of a common framework for the evaluation of LFM projects, this paper presents the results of a case study where the issue of the assessment of social benefits from a LFM project is addressed. In particular, the Contingent Valuation Method is applied for the monetary assessment of the community-perceived benefits from the remediation of an old uncontrolled waste deposit by means of LFM and the conversion of the area into a park.Based on the results of a survey carried out on a random sample of people living near the old landfill, the economic values of the individual willingness to pay (WTP) for LFM and the subsequent creation of a public park were calculated and the correlations with the relevant variables (distance from the landfill site, age, income, sex, education level) assessed. The results were then suitably extended and the monetary value of the welfare increase of the whole population resident in the area and potentially affected both by LFM and the creation of the park was calculated.     

试论安全劳动的经济效益

安全和生产是整个生产过程中不可分割的两个组成部分。本文从社会经济效益的角度,分析了安全劳动在生产过程中所处的特殊地位和所起的特殊作用,以及它和经济效益的关系;探索了安全经济效益的规律,提出了安全劳动创造经济效益的论点。同时,对当前生产活动中存在的轻视安全、产品质量和社会效益的问题进行了剖析;理论结合实践,初步探索实现安全经济效益的问题     

长江三峡工程的功利评析

三峡工程是一项跨世纪、多学科的巨大系统工程,它具有巨大的防洪效益和多种经济效益及社会效益。利在当代,功在千秋,它的兴建是中华民族的一件大事,并为世界所注目。