节水知识、意识和行为的现状评估及系统分析——以北京市中学生为例

节约用水是缓解水资源紧缺的有效途径,涉及社会心理层面认知、意愿的复杂状态。设计问卷对312名北京市中学生的节水知识、意识和行为进行现状评估,系统分析三者相互关系,为推行更为有效的节水管理措施提供支持。结果显示,节水知识、意识和行为问卷的信度指标(Cronbach’sα)值分别为0.82、0.77和0.84。中学生群体缺乏对节水的精确定量认知,难以判别用水的合理程度;电视是当前的主要知识来源。水资源的稀缺性被广泛认同,中学生群体具有一定的敏感度和节水责任感,能够感知水资源条件的变化;但缺乏深入理解,尤其存在"口号化"的倾向。中学生群体在节水行为方面有待改进。通过改变自身用水方式达到节水目的的行为发生频次超过半数,而改变他人用水方式的人际行为发生率较低。节水意识显著影响节水行为,节水知识对节水意识的影响不具统计意义。节水知识除直接影响节水行为外,还通过节水意识的中介效应影响节水行为,两者效果比例大约9∶1。     

基于工作难度对知识员工工作特征的研究探讨

知识员工的工作关键不在于数量而在质量,难度是表征质量的重要变量。本文在综述工作特征研究的基础上,提出从工作难度这一基础管理变量出发研究知识员工工作特征。通过对从事典型知识型岗位的工作者进行问卷调查,采用结构方程模型分析形成的知识工作难度因素结构,不仅为知识工作的评级和测量提供了可行框架,而且为进一步研究知识员工工作特征提供了有利途径。     

Applying a values-based decision process to facilitate comanagement of threatened species in Aotearoa New Zealand

Ko koe ki tēnā, ko ahau ki tēnai kīwai o te kete (you at that, and I at this handle of the basket). This Māori (New Zealanders of indigenous descent) saying conveys the principle of cooperation—we achieve more through working together, rather than separately. Despite decades of calls to rectify cultural imbalance in conservation, threatened species management still relies overwhelmingly on ideas from Western science and on top-down implementation. Values-based approaches to decision making can be used to integrate indigenous peoples’ values into species conservation in a more meaningful way. We used such a values-based method, structured decision making, to develop comanagement of pekapeka (Mystacina tuberculata) (short-tailed bat) and tara iti (Sternula nereis davisae) (Fairy Tern) between Māori and Pākehā (New Zealanders of European descent). We implemented this framework in a series of workshops in which facilitated discussions were used to gather expert knowledge to predict outcomes and make management recommendations. For both species, stakeholders clearly stated their values as fundamental objectives from the start, which allowed alternative strategies to be devised that naturally addressed their diverse values, including mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge and perspectives). On this shared basis, all partners willingly engaged in the process, and decisions were largely agreed to by all. Most expectations of conflicts between values of Western science and Māori culture were unfounded. Where required, positive compromises were made by jointly developing alternative strategies. The values-based process successfully taha wairua taha tangata (brought both worlds together to achieve the objective) through codeveloped recovery strategies. This approach challenges the traditional model of scientists first preparing management plans focused on biological objectives, then consulting indigenous groups for approval. We recommend values-based approaches, such as structured decision making, as powerful methods for development of comanagement conservation plans between different peoples.     

基于文献计量与共词分析法的企业安全文化研究述评

为了揭示国内企业安全文化的研究现状,并为后续研究指明方向,采用文献计量分析法、共词分析法对选取的2 474篇文献进行分析并利用NetDraw软件输出关键词知识图谱。结果表明:企业安全文化的文献量与研究内容呈阶段性特征,以2002,2011年为界划分为3个阶段;研究机构众多且主要研究者的研究方向存在差异;研究重点集中在企业安全文化内涵与层次结构、建设与评价实证研究以及与其他变量的关系3个方面;存在研究行业过于集中,安全文化评价方法与现实存在“脱节”等问题。     

Trees as brokers in social networks: Cascades of rights and benefits from a Cultural Keystone Species

Indigenous trees play key roles in West African landscapes, such as the néré tree (Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G.Don). We applied social–ecological network analysis to understand the social–ecological interactions around néré. We documented the benefits néré provides and the multiple social interactions it creates amongst a large range of actors. The flows of rights over the trees and benefits from them formed two hierarchical networks, or cascades, with different actors at the top. The two forms of power revealed by the two cascades of rights and benefits suggest possible powers and counter-powers across gender, ethnicity, and age. We documented how the tree catalyses social interactions across diverse groups to sustain vital social connections, and co-constitute places, culture, and relationships. We argue that a paradigm shift is urgently needed to leverage the remarkable untapped potential of indigenous trees and Cultural Keystone Species in current global restoration and climate change agendas.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-022-01733-z.     

A mixed methodology for evaluating use of evidence in conservation planning

Conservation practitioners widely recognize the importance of making decisions based on the best available evidence. However, the effectiveness of evidence use in conservation planning is rarely assessed, which limits opportunities to improve evidence-based practice. We devised a mixed methodology for empirically evaluating use of evidence that applies social science tools to systematically appraise what kinds of evidence are used in conservation planning, to what effect, and under what limitations. We applied our approach in a case study of the Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC), a leading land conservation organization. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of 65 NCC planning documents (n = 13 in-depth) to identify patterns in evidence use, and surveyed 35 conservation planners to examine experiences of and barriers to using evidence. Although claims in plans contained a wide range of evidence types, 26% of claims were not referenced or associated with an identifiable source. Lack of evidence use was particularly apparent in claims associated with direct threats, particularly those identified as low (71% coded as insufficient or lacking evidence) or medium (45%) threats. Survey participants described relying heavily on practitioner experience and highlighted capacity limitations and disciplinary gaps in expertise among planning teams as barriers to using evidence effectively. We found that although time-intensive, this approach yielded actionable recommendations for improving evidence use in NCC conservation plans. Similar mixed-method assessments may streamline the process by including interviews and refining the document analysis frames to target issues or sections of concern. We suggest our method provides an accessible and robust point of departure for conservation practitioners to evaluate whether the use of conservation planning reflects in-house standards and more broadly recognized best practices.     

The Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE): A bibliometric review and futur trends

The phenomenon “Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion” (BLEVE) is one of the most common accidental events in the chemical industry and in the transport of dangerous goods. A bibliographic search in the Web of Science Core Collection reported 375 publications related to BLEVEs from 1979 to the present (August 10, 2022). A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer tool to allow a better understanding of the scientific knowledge on this phenomenon. A comprehensive overview of BLEVE research is presented in terms of annual publication, top journals, countries/regions with the highest productivity, authors and their cooperation networks, key terms, and co-citation analysis. The 375 publications cover 691 authors, 83 journals, 44 countries or territories and 290 institutions. The key publication (highest number of citations and co-citations) for understanding the BLEVE phenomenon is. The results obtained constitute a snapshot of the current state of the art on BLEVEs and can be applied to improve the understanding of research on this topic and establish new trends of research.     

Socioeconomic development and ecological traits as predictors of human–bird conflicts

Because of the significant impacts on both human interests and bird conservation, it is imperative to identify patterns and anticipate drivers of human–bird conflicts (HBCs) worldwide. Through a global systematic review, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we analyzed the socioeconomic factors and bird ecological traits driving the degree of knowledge and extent of HBCs. We included 166 articles published from 1971 to 2020 in our analyses through which we built a profile of the socioeconomic conditions of 52 countries with reported conflicts and the ecological traits of the 161 bird species involved in HBCs. Although HBC expanded worldwide, it had the greatest impact in less-developed countries (estimate 0. 66 [SE 0.13], p< 0.05), where agriculture is critical for rural livelihoods. Species with a relatively greater conflict extent had a relatively broader diet (estimate 0.80 [SE 0.22], p<0.05) and an increasing population trend (estimate 0.58 [SE 0.15], p<0.05) and affected human interests, such as agriculture and livestock raising. In countries with greater biodiversity, HBCs caused greater socioeconomic impacts than in more developed countries. Our results highlight the importance of understanding and addressing HBCs from multiple perspectives (ecological, sociocultural, and political) to effectively protect both biodiversity and local livelihoods.