Made in conflict. Local residents' construction of a local environmental problem

The aim of this paper is to understand how local residents participate in the construction of local environmental problems and to evaluate a particular analytical approach in environmental sociology to study this phenomenon. The paper is based on an interview study with a sample of local residents. The analysis demonstrates how the local residents attempt to construct a local environmental problem. In particular, the study focuses on how involved actors are positioned, how different sorts of knowledge claims are used, and how the neglect the residents perceive from the authorities affects the attempt to construct a local environmental problem. The study shows that the local residents play a central role in the construction of the situation and that the evaluated model could be very helpful as an analytical tool in the investigation of local residents' participation in the construction of environmental problems.     

Local knowledge and climate change adaptation on Erub Island,Torres Strait

Local knowledge is a valuable asset in observing and managing environmental change, and importantly, is an unheralded source of adaptive capacity. Torres Strait Islanders are no exception, having used such knowledge to adapt to biophysical changes in their environment for centuries. This article explores the ways in which Islanders have coped in the past with environmental changes to plan for their future. This article focuses on Erub Island in the eastern group of islands in the Torres Strait and charts the adaptation actions or activities employed by respected locals (Elders and Aunties). Drawing on their local knowledge, these actions or activities have included the building of rock walls and wind breaks, using native species to re-vegetate sand cays and the coastal foreshore, applying self-sufficient practices such as fish traps and gardening, reading and respecting country, and transferring this knowledge to the younger generation. In this way, it is the Islanders themselves who detail, based on their local knowledge, what is most appropriate for their community.     

基于文献计量视角的我国应急资源研究进展分析*

为理清应急资源研究发展脉络和研究热点,基于文献计量分析,从作者合作、机构合作、关键词共现、研究热点突现、关键词时序图谱5个方面,对1999—2021年中国知网（CNKI）收录的1 503篇相关文献进行知识图谱分析,展现我国应急资源研究领域空间分布特征及研究热点。结果表明:在我国应急资源研究领域,作者和机构分布呈多元化发展趋势,当前研究热点包括多目标优化、选址-分配、NSGA-Ⅱ、公平性。人工智能技术、区块链技术、共享经济模式在应急资源配置中的应用是未来研究趋势。     

知识生产视角下应急管理学科建设的使命与路径

为厘清应急管理学科建设机制、推进应急管理学科良性发展,通过回顾学科建设历史,来分析应急管理学科建设面临的困境与肩负的使命,并提出相应的建设路径.研究表明:在知识生产模式转型视角下,应急管理学科建设面临知识生产者离散、知识创新度不足、知识转化率有限的三重困境,需要完成"朝向人才培养的应急管理知识直接再生产""朝向科学研究...     

公共部门危机学习动态过程及其知识管理研究

当前国内外对企业组织学习和危机管理的研究都已经较为成熟,在经历了几次大的危机之后,公共危机管理引起了我国许多学者的重视,但是关于高校危机学习的研究开展并不多,而国外的学者已经先一步提出了危机学习的概念并取得一些进展。随着危机种类越来越多,发生频率越来越高,高校必须要学习掌握应对危机的方法,并以此来教育学生。然而,无论是在危机管理中还是在组织学习中,知识管理都是不可或缺的一部分。因此本文以理论研究的方式,借鉴国内外学者对危机学习中知识管理的研究,希望能对高校危机学习的更深一步探索提供思路。     

城市燃气管网泄漏事故分析知识图谱构建及应用研究*

为深入认识燃气管网泄漏事故的发生发展机理,提高事故分析预测的自动化、智能化、数字化水平,利用知识图谱对燃气管网泄漏事故进行研究。在事故案例分析的基础上,从人-物-环-管的角度对燃气泄漏过程以及火灾爆炸次生事故的相关实体进行归纳梳理,对实体间的逻辑关系和非逻辑关系进行辨识,并对实体的属性进行分类,进而构建出较为全面的燃气管网泄漏事故知识图谱。在此基础上,搭建BP神经网络模型,基于已知实体或属性状态,预测相关联其他实体或属性的状态。研究结果表明:燃气管网知识图谱能够有效展示燃气管网泄漏事故发展的动态过程及相关要素,结合BP神经网络能够有效预测事故的发展路径及相关状态,从而提高燃气管网泄漏事故的分析预测水平与效率。     

基于知识的AVHRR影像的水体自动识别方法与模型研究

根据水体光谱特性，通过分析水体在ＮＯＡＡ气象卫星的ＡＶＨＲＲ影像上的表象特征及与其它相关环境因子在光谱信息上的差异，认为水体在ＡＶＨＲＲ影像上具有光谱可分辨性，从而提出了基于水体光谱知识的水体自动提取识别的水体描述模型，并将该模型应用于太湖、淮河、渤海等地区，取得较好的效果。该模型方法同样可扩展应用于其它传感器获得的影像数据，从而实现遥感信息提取的自动化与智能化     

FUZZY ITERATION METHODOLOGY FOR RESERVOIR FLOOD CONTROL OPERATION1

ABSTRACT: Reservoir flood control is operated in real time so finding the optimal solution is unnecessary since it may not be practical. The key to reservoir flood control operation is quickly generating some feasible and effective alternatives and then selecting one among them. A fuzzy iteration methodology, which gives the objective weight and the relative membership degree of alternatives at the same time, is presented. Since the weight and relative membership degree are directly acquired from the recommended alternatives provided by decision makers, the results are more reasonable and realistic. Besides, the difficulty in giving weights is also avoided. With the aid of a robust and flexible decision support system, the effectiveness of decision making can be improved.     

Finding Hope in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

Abstract:  Over the past quarter century, a new scientific activity has emerged: collective assessments by large numbers of scientists from different disciplines combining their expertise to better understand human interrelations with nature and to inform policy. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment exceeded all such assessments before it in both the breadth of its coverage and the depth of its analysis of socioecological system dynamics. The findings are not encouraging. Nearly all ecosystems are being degraded and will continue to be degraded for decades to come even if policy changes are initiated now. For scientists participating in the assessment, the MA had another disconcerting aspect. It clearly shows that our fragmented, disciplinary knowledges cannot simply be combined to form an understanding of a whole complex system. Counterbalancing the despair of the findings and scientific difficulties of aggregating specialized knowledges, the MA demonstrated the potential of a deliberative democratic approach to grappling with complex problems .     

Information technologies and the sharing of disaster knowledge: the critical role of professional culture

A comparative survey of a diverse sample of 96 US and Italian emergency management agencies shows that the diffusion of new information technologies (IT) has transformed disaster communications. Although these technologies permit access to and the dissemination of massive amounts of disaster information with unprecedented speed and efficiency, barriers rooted in the various professional cultures still hinder the sharing of disaster knowledge. To be effective the available IT must be attuned to the unique settings and professional cultures of the local emergency management communities. Findings show that available technology, context, professional culture and interaction are key factors that affect the knowledge transfer process. Cultural filters appear to influence emergency managers' perceptions of their own professional roles, their vision of the applicability of technology to social issues, and their perspective on the transferability of disaster knowledge. Four cultural approaches to the application of IT to disaster communications are defined: technocentric; geographic,; anthropocentric; and ecocentric.