科技资源开发与区域经济增长研究--以河南为例

本文以河南为例，对科技资源的存量动态变化、配置效率及其对区域经济增长的推动作用进行了定量分析。结果表明。1991．2002年。河南科技资源存在总体上呈持续上升趋势。但是。科技资源的配置效率却呈现出下降趋势。在这个期间。科技资源开发对河南区域经济增长的贡献率为42．1％，达到了全国的平均水平。为了进一步发挥科技资源开发对河南经济增长的推动作用，建议河南继续加快科技资源的积累；重点提高科技资源配置的效率；特别重视大幅度提高对R＆D的投入。     

Economic Globalization and Industrial Pollution

Abstract

In order to study the relationship between economic globalization and industrial pollution, this paper developed the theoretical framework and used simultaneous equations. The result shows that economic globalization has influences on the industrial pollution mainly by the direct effect of scale, structure and technology as well as the indirect effect of income and policy. Considering all the factors, economic globalization, especially foreign direct investment (FDI), will reduce industrial pollution, in which technology spillover effect plays an important role.     

Urbanization in China Based on International Comparison: A Discussion with Two Prevalent Views

Abstract>

Two prevalent views are reviewed on China’s urbanization firstly. Then, this article highlights the characteristics and pattern of urbanization in the world based on the quadrants map, using data of 118 countries or areas. The results indicate that the process of urbanization in the world excluding the data of China has slowed down gradually. A further exploration examines China’s urbanization process and economic development over time, which reveals that both urbanization level and the level of economic development belong to the low-grade coordination pattern. The low level of urbanization is closely connected with the low level of economic development. Actually, China’s urbanization gap appeared during 1985–1995, but it has been eliminating this urbanization gap since 1995 as a result of rapid urbanization growing. The complicated realities revealed in this analysis challenge the existing two prevalent views.     

An International Comparative Analysis on China’s Economic Growth and the Convergence in Energy Intensity Gap and Its Economic Mechanism

Abstract

In this paper, the authors have empirically analyzed the convergence in per capita GDP gap and the convergence in the variation of energy intensity with respect to the change of per capita GDP between China and eight developed countries. Then, the authors run a regression on the impact of decisive factors of economic growth on energy intensity and its change, so as to find out the economic mechanism of energy intensity gap changing with respect to the variation of economic growth. This study concludes that: First, there is a convergence in per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries. With the convergence in per capita GDP gap, the energy intensity gap between China and eight different countries also converge, and the convergence rate of the latter is faster than that of the former, i.e. if the per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries decreases by 1%, the energy intensity gap between them will correspondingly decrease by 1.552%. Second, the energy intensity decreases with the improvement of industrial structure, the rising of energy prices, the advances of technology, and the expansion of investment in fixed assets, and it slightly increases with the increase of FDI. Third, the energy intensity gap between China and eight developed countries narrows with the lessening of the difference in fixed assets investment, energy prices, and technological progress between China and eight developed countries, yet increases with the narrowing of the difference in FDI, and has no significant correlation with the difference in industrial structure. Fourth, the narrowing of difference in per capita GDP between China and the eight developed countries can result in the lessening of energy intensity gap, whose economic mechanism is that the decisive factors, such as difference in investment, technology, and the competition mechanism of prices, which can determine the difference in economic growth, can significantly affect the energy intensity gap.     

自然资源的库兹涅茨曲线:来自中国省级面板数据的证据

本文运用1978-2011年我国30个省份的面板数据,对我国省级层面资源丰裕度与经济增长的关系进行了检验.研究发现,我国省级层面资源丰裕度与经济增长之间的关系并不是单一线性的,而是一种非线性的动态演变关系.当使用其他资源丰裕度和经济增长的指标进行稳健性检验,这种强烈的非线性关系仍然存在.更进一步,对自然资源作用经济增长的机制进行实证检验,结果显示:长期中丰裕的自然资源会通过降低人力资本和物质资本的投资对经济结构产生“诅咒”;恶化政府与市场的关系、阻碍非国有经济的发展、中介组织的发育和法律的完善等,从而对政治制度产生“诅咒”.     

经济增长、市场化改革与土地违法

在当前中国经济快速增长和市场化改革逐步推进的过程中,始终面临着较为严重的土地违法问题;土地违法行为的主体不仅包括企事业单位和令人,更涉及各级地方政府以及农村集体组织.为深入了解经济增长与市场化改革对不同主体土地违法行为的影响,本文进行了初步的理论探讨,并运用全国层面的统计数据开展了相应的实证分析.结果表明,随着经济增长速度的加快,政府和企业的土地违法面积均显著增加;而土地市场化水平的提高则能有效减少土地违法的案件数.进一步地,经济增长和市场化改革对各级政府以及企事业单位、个人和农村集体组织土地违法行为的影响也存在一定的差异.本文的研究也指出,为有效控制土地违法行为的扩大,中国政府仍需采取转变经济增长方式、稳步推进市场化改革、引导企事业单位有序用地和不断完善土地督察制度等措施.     

农民工大规模外出的经济增长效应研究

农民工大规模外出的影响和作用十分复杂.利用反设事实法,并运用Cobb-Douglas生产函数,分析了湖南省2001-2011年经济增长过程中资本投入、劳动投入和技术进步的贡献,并对于湖南省2001-2011年潜在经济增长进行了进一步推断.研究结果:如果不存在出省打工的数百万农民工,同期湖南将实现净增长428％,年均经济增长率18.10％,比现实经济增长率高出0.5个百分点.这表明农民工大规模外出尽管带来了可观的劳务收入,但也使得流出地区实际经济总量低于其可能的潜在总量,导致其实际经济增长率低于其潜在经济增长率,从而也间接证明了农民工大规模出省打工对于农民工流出地区的经济增长具有一定抑制作用.地方政府在将发展“劳务经济”作为发展战略的同时,还应认识到,“劳务经济”发展战略在带来较多劳务收入的同时,也会在一定程度上削弱地方社会经济的发展潜力.当前不宜将农村剩余劳动力转移作为对各级地方政府目标责任考核内容.     

河流水污染损失补偿模型研究

我国水污染问题的突出表现之一是省际间、地区间水污染纠纷接连不断, 严重影响经济发展和社会稳定。在流域不同主体之间建立水污染补偿机制,可以把水污染造成的环境外部损失内部化,从而促使污染者在治污成本和经济补偿之间进行权衡,促进水污染治理措施的有效执行和水污染纠纷的解决。在水污染经济损失评估的基础上,以河流为研究对象,采用水环境数学模型的方法描述了污染物排放的空间影响关系,进而把超量排放的环境影响与经济影响联系起来,对模型的基本特征、处理方法和应用范围进行了讨论,并且以太湖流域范围内的京杭运河为例进行实证研究,得到了河流水污染损失补偿的数学模型。     

贵州省经济弱县的确定及其特征分析

应用层次分析法,测算出贵州每个年度全部县域的经济社会发展综合实力排序值及其排序位次。由此得出排在前列的一部分县域,列为该年度经济强县,排在末尾的另一部分县域,列为经济弱县。贵州经济弱县一般特征是:人均GDP较低;农村贫困面较大;边际地理区位;属于民族自治的经济弱县较多;山地面积较广。当前分布格局为:东部经济弱县较多,西部较少。相对集中的经济弱县,形成4个片区。从每个片区的自然条件出发,论述维护生态环境与发展经济的有利和不利因素,揭示片区差异,提出必须解决的问题。     

“农-工复合型”虚拟生态产业园规划研究

生态产业园是循环经济在产业集中区的具体体现,随着传统产业园区建设及实践过程中出现的运行效率及稳定性问题,虚拟产业园及其运行模式已成为国内外学者关注的重点。本文以郑州国家经济技术开发区食品加工行业的生态链建设为例,探讨了农-工复合型虚拟园区的模式,即突破传统产业限值,建立以食品加工为核心,带动第一产业及第三产业共同发展的一种产业网络模式。本文最后对建立这种新型产业园区所面临的生态设计及体制转型和利益分配等问题进行了探讨。