基于小波和 EMD 的电阻探针监测信号自适应去噪

目的从监测信号中恢复有效腐蚀信息(长期变化趋势、周期性窄带尖峰),提出一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)和小波阈值去噪(Wavelet Threshold Denoised,WTD)相结合的自适应去噪算法(EMD-WTD)。方法先将信号进行EMD分解,利用最大信息系数(Max Information Coefficient,MIC)判断噪声主导和有效信号主导信号分量的分界点,然后将噪声主导的信号分量进行自适应小波阈值去噪。最后以人工模拟信号和电阻探针监测信号进行验证。结果 EMD-WTD算法能有效去除噪声,信噪比可提升10 d B以上。结论与多个去噪算法相比,EMD-WTD算法能够更好地保留信号中周期性窄带尖峰信息,为后续准确建立电阻探针监测信号与环境之间的数学模型奠定了基础。     

Curbside collection of recyclables. II. Simulation and economic analysis

Curbside collection of recyclable material can be expensive because the inherent costs of curbside collection are high, but also because amounts collected per residence are small compared to the total waste stream, and extra activity may be required, such as sorting. In this paper a simulation model is used to investigate the effect of collection method and route characteristics on route time. The simulation models presented calculate set-out amount based on route characteristics, set-out rate (SOR), and participation rate (PR). Route times are estimated for various conditions: constant SOR, constant PR, and constant set-out amount. Furthermore, a method for using route time to estimate vehicle and labor needs is presented, and used to estimate economic costs for one and two-person crew collection methods for the three simulation conditions mentioned above. The two-person crew is found to cost less than the one-person crew, for most simulated conditions.     

燃煤锅炉湿法除尘废水循环回用后的水质处理工艺和技术研究

调查分析了当前应用于中小型锅炉湿法除尘废水循环回用治理的技术,根据除尘废水循环回用后的水质和工艺特点,提出将除尘循环水净化同燃煤烟气脱硫除尘联合进行以及利用工业碱水,炉渣处理除尘废水的技术和工艺     

MapObjects在城市道路交通噪声管理中的应用

从Visual Basic控件技术出发，介绍了建立在对象链接与嵌入技术基础上由美国ESRI公司的采用GIS控件MapObjects的运行机制及特点。结合该控件在城市道路交通噪声信息管理系统开发中的应用，对系统的建设目标、结构及开发模式做了介绍；以对北京市道路交通噪声信息管理系统的开发为例，对系统的功能作了简要说明。     

企业财务业绩与现金流量分析

对传统财务业绩评价体系及其所提供的会汁信息质量进行了分析，认为财务分析应以现金流量力核心，通过现金流量指标分析企业的获利能力和支付能力更具可行性．笔者认为，以现金流量为核心，将现金流量分析指标溶于其他财务分析中，能够对企业当前存在的报表粉饰，利润操纵等现象进行充分的揭示，有助于重新构建出一套更为科学、合理的财务分析评价体系。     

县域土壤资源管理与施肥决策信息系统的建立——以北京市平谷区为例

以作物推荐施肥模型为智能决策支撑,建立了基于地块的县域土壤资源管理与施肥决策信息系统。该系统采用C/S和B/S混合结构,采用Delphi开发语言和GIS组件技术,对GIS、数据库和模型进行耦合与集成,实现了土壤资源和决策信息查询、更新;养分资源管理决策与咨询;耕地质量评价;耕地环境质量预警等四个主要功能。系统在北京市平谷区得到应用和验证,应用表明该系统对于区域土壤资源信息高效管理、决策和面向公众的土壤信息服务具有重要意义。     

Development of rapid,cost effective coral survey techniques: tools for management and conservation planning

Coral reefs are highly dynamic and productive marine ecosystems, providing habitat and refuge for an enormous number of species including fish, invertebrates and algae. With increased anthropogenic pressures and global climate change, many coral reefs are rapidly declining. Currently, there is limited knowledge on condition and community assemblage composition of shallow fringing coral reefs along the south-eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. With increased demand to determine existence of coastal fringing reefs by National Regional Management groups, a rapid cost effective method to determine reef composition and condition was required. The aim of this study was to determine the benthic structure and extent of two small coastal fringing reefs (Hummock Hill Reef and Stringers Reef) along the Southern Great Barrier Reef. Reef substrate assessments were carried out using a rapid assessment technique and a Point Intercept Method (PIM). The data were analysed and classified using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Percent substrate cover was calculated using a visual basic image analysis program. The Point intercept method showed higher accuracy over the rapid assessment technique (up to 15–40% difference) and was thus deemed a more suitable classification tool for reefs with high structural complexity and heterogeneity. This study focused on piloting a rapid, cost effective Point Intercept Technique using random point count methodology to document coral benthic habitat and extent over a commonly used rapid assessment method as a tool for reef coastal management and conservation. The two techniques were compared and substrate classification success, limitations and errors were discussed.     

计算机技术在环境保护信息系统中的应用

结合国内外实际环境系统信息的调研成果和客户需求分析以及环境领域自身的科学规律，论述了7种计算机技术(3S技术、在线监测技术、模型技术、多媒体和可视化技术、人工智能技术、仿真技术和互联网技术)在环境保护信息系统中的应用前景。具有辅助决策功能的综合环境保护信息系统的主要功能包括：(1)信息获取与显示；(2)信息查询；(3)环境信息的分析；(4)环境信息的表达。用计算机技术实现环境保护信息系统的主要功能关键问题在于：(1)系统的有效管理；(2)3S技术与环境模型的融合和集成；(3)专家系统(ES)与3S技术的融合；(4)仿真系统与3S技术的融合：(5)在线监测技术与3S技术的融合；(6)环境系统与Intranet/Internet的融合。     

云南稻核心种质苗期耐冷性及其地理生态差异

采用Nagamine等(1991)法研究了598份云南稻核心种质在稻作区划间、地州间苗期耐冷性强弱、变异程度及其地理生态差异。结果表明,稻作区划间苗期耐冷强弱差异较大,平均耐冷级别为:I(4.70)>II(4.78)>V(4.79)>III(5.34)>IV(5.36),40份强耐冷种质频率为II(45%)>I(25%)>III(22.5%)>V(5.0%)>IV(2.5%),其变异系数为II(32.22%)>I(31.28%)>V(29.65%)>III(19.66%)>IV(19.59%);揭示了苗期耐冷性与低温胁迫下水稻冬春育秧、冷泉水密切相关,其耐冷基因源是云南南部地区冬季育秧和滇中一带苗期倒春寒长期协同进化的结果;苗期耐冷种质广泛存在于热带、亚热带和温带地区,品种间苗期耐冷差异也明显。云南稻核心种质16个地州平均苗期耐冷强弱差异较大。根据气候、生态、云南稻种多样性及其苗期耐冷性等将云南稻作区划分为重冷害多样性贫乏区、冷害多样性中区和轻冷害区三部分。其中,曲靖、大理、楚雄、昆明和丽江5个地州平均耐冷级别3.65~4.32,0—2级苗期强耐冷种质占27.5%(2.5%~10%)和高海拔冷泉水苗期灌溉,属于重冷害多样性贫乏区;文山、红河、思茅、保山、德宏和临沧6个地州平均耐冷级别4.45~5.40,0—2级苗期耐冷种质占70%(5%~30%)和冬春育秧,属于冷害多样性中区;怒江、玉溪、昭通、迪庆和西双版纳5个地州平均耐冷级别5.05~5.87,0—2级苗期耐冷种质占2.5%(0~2.5%),属于轻冷害多样性扩散区。水稻冬春育秧和高海拔冷泉水灌溉在云南稻核心种质苗期耐冷基因源演化中起了重要作用。     

Designing Cost-Effective Payments for Conservation Measures to Generate Spatiotemporal Habitat Heterogeneity

Abstract:  Many endangered species depend on certain types of agricultural or other forms of human land use. To conserve such species, schemes are set up in which land users receive payments for voluntarily managing their land in a biodiversity-enhancing manner. We developed a model-based framework for designing cost-effective payment schemes that generate spatiotemporal habitat heterogeneity to maximize the survival of multiple species under budget constraints. The framework integrates ecological and economic knowledge and consists of the derivation of an ecological benefit function and a budget function that are then combined to determine the cost-effective degree of spatiotemporal habitat heterogeneity. The ecological benefit function considers the timing of conservation measures, the induced habitat dynamics, and different degrees of substitutability among species. The budget function considers that the conservation agency may lack information about land users' individual conservation costs and personal attitudes and that land users can choose among different conservation measures. We applied the framework to a case study of grassland management, where the survival of three endangered species protected by the EU Habitats Directive depends on different types of land use. The lack of information available to the agency and the choice options of land users reduced the amount of conservation that can be financed with a given budget. Neglecting such findings may lead to an overestimation of the benefits of conservation programs.