自然灾害信息系统结构初探——以长白山火山灾害信息系统为例

以地理信息系统和遥感等具有综合分析,实时反应能力的高新技术为支撑,构建了自然灾害信息系统,指出自然灾害数据库主要包括历史数据库,相关环境数据和遥感信息数据库,并以减灾为视角将系统分为监测子系统,预测子系统,灾害评估子系统,避灾路线选取子系统四个模块。     

WebGIS支持下的铁路地质灾害信息系统的构建

介绍了基于WebGIS技术构建的铁路地质灾害信息系统的总体结构与功能特征,讨论了系统实现中的几个关键问题。     

汕头市地震灾害评估方案

本文根据汕头市城市现状,提出了汕头市地震灾害评估方案。包括利用GIS建立地区小区划数据库,房屋基本数据库,生命线系统基本数据库,基本图形数据库,地震灾害评估知识库和地震灾害评估决策系统。     

突发事件应对的物资保障分析

从突发事件应对物资保障的特征与价值入手,提出突发事件应对物资保障的基本要求;根据当前我国突发事件应对的物资保障中暴露出来的问题,揭示引发当前突发事件应对物资保障不足的深层次原因;从应对物资的需求、筹集、配置、调度等方面分析,提出我国突发事件应对的物资保障体系的架构设想。有关研究成果将对我国突发事件应对物资保障具有一定的启发和参考意义。     

大气质量评价上海指数法的改进及应用

该研究将模糊数学应用于上海指数法，在评价函数中引入半梯形隶属函数和倍斜率隶属函数，提出模糊上海指数法，将此法应用于延安市的大气质量评价工人,欧几里德贴近度法和上海指法的结果进行比较表明，模糊上海指数法的评价结果是科学合理的，并利用地理信息系统Mapinfo制作出基于地理信息的城市大气质量评价图，使评价结果可视化，地图化。     

中国环境信息公开的时空演化特征及其影响因素

环境信息公开是大数据信息时代环境治理的新型工具,我国在立法和实践上取得了重要进展,准确把握其发展脉络、现实状况和驱动因素,是有效推动环境信息公开和发挥其治理效果的先决条件。基于2008—2017年120个城市的PITI指数,采用空间数据探索分析和动态空间面板模型方法,分析了我国环境信息公开的时空演化特征和影响因素。研究发现:①我国环境信息公开正处于向中等水平过渡阶段,表现出明显的区域不平衡现象,呈现“沿海-内陆”梯度递减特征。②我国环境信息公开表现出较强的空间集聚特征,呈现显著的空间“俱乐部”分布格局,区域内部空间溢出效应显著,区域间辐射带动作用较弱。③较高的经济发展水平和环保投入强度表现出显著的促进作用,而良好的企业绩效和教育水平、较高的社会舆论和环保监督压力并没有发挥应有的促增效应;较差的空气质量和较高的工业污染表现出显著的抑制效应,而提高外资引入和环保执法力度则表现出较弱的负向作用。沿海城市和智慧城市的促进作用相对较高,资源型城市则较低。④环境信息公开在时间、空间和时空维度上分别表现出叠加效应、同群效应和示范效应。因此,应逐步完善环境信息公开的体制机制,加快环保基础设施建设,推进企业环保信用评价,提高公众互动参与和监督,强化环保指导帮扶和监管执法,构建环境信息公开的长效机制。     

A functional perspective on the analysis of land use and land cover data in ecology

Assessments of large-scale changes in habitat are a priority for management and conservation. Traditional approaches use land use and land cover data (LULC) that focus mostly on “structural” properties of landscapes, rather than “functional” properties related to specific ecological processes. Here, we contend that designing functional analyses of LULC can provide important and complementary information to traditional, structural analyses. We substantiate this perspective with an example of functional changes in habitat due to industrial anthropogenic footprints in Alberta’s boreal forest, where there has been little overall forest loss (~ 6% structural change), but high levels of functional change (up to 93% functional change) for species’ habitat, biodiversity, and wildfire ignition. We discuss the methods needed to achieve functional LULC analyses, when they are most appropriate to add to structural assessments, and conclude by providing recommendations for analyses of LULC in a future of increasingly high-resolution, dynamic remote sensing data.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01434-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

我国信息安全的现状及对策研究

当今社会已进入信息时代,一切都已经离不开信息。信息安全已经成为安全学科中一个全新的领域。随着社会的发展和进步,信息安全将越来越受到人们的重视。客观地讲,经过多年的努力,我国作为一个发展中国家,在发展信息安全技术方面取得了举世瞩目的进步,但是与世界先进水平相比较,差距仍然十分明显,还存在着许多的问题需要进一步努力解决。笔者阐述了我国信息安全的现状,介绍了有关信息安全方面的先进技术,并从金融、证券、教育等方面入手,分析了其中存在的主要问题及其原因,提出了相应信息安全的对策。     

Predicting the Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Caribbean Sea Turtle Nesting Habitat

Abstract:  The projected rise in sea level is likely to increase the vulnerability of coastal zones in the Caribbean, which are already under pressure from a combination of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. One of the major effects will be a loss of beach habitat, which provides nesting sites for endangered sea turtles. To assess the potential impacts of sea-level rise on sea turtle nesting habitat, we used beach profile measurements of turtle nesting beaches on Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, to develop elevation models of individual beaches in a geographic information system. These models were then used to quantify areas of beach vulnerable to three different scenarios of a rise in sea level. Physical characteristics of the beaches were also recorded and related to beach vulnerability, flooding, and nesting frequency. Beaches varied in physical characteristics and therefore in their vulnerability to flooding. Up to 32% of the total current beach area could be lost with a 0.5-m rise in sea level, with lower, narrower beaches being the most vulnerable. Vulnerability varied with land use adjacent to the beach. These predictions about loss of nesting habitat have important implications for turtle populations in the region.     

Design-based ranked set sampling using auxiliary variables

A ranked set sampling protocol is proposed when an auxiliary variable is available in addition to the target variable in sample surveys. The protocol may be practically carried out without additional sampling effort or costs. Under the suggested sampling scheme, the estimators usually adopted in surveys with auxiliary information - such as the ratio estimator or the regression estimator - display surprising theoretical properties as well as high performance in practice.