信息可视化在化工企业水环境安全影响评价中的研究及应用

运用data system.exe技术,对水环境评价系统功能模块进行设计;提出水环境影响评价信息可视化软件的设计方法;建立水环境污染因子数据信息可视化软件,并应用该软件对石油化工企业的水环境进行了初步的风险评价。结果表明:该软件能在识别污染因子数据信息的同时生成与之相匹配的直观的模拟环境图像,有助于管理者进行及时分析与决策;通过输入水环境污染因子监测值后,系统可以自动判定环境的污染的程度,并把对应环境质量的级别、环境的安全程度以及污染对人体与生物的影响程度在图中显示出来,能够有效地提高环境影响评价的可靠度;评价示意图中的评价因子可以根据需要进行增加或更换,有助于该系统的推广应用,建立的环境污染因子数据信息可视化模型具有很强的适用性。     

我国危险化学品安全监管网络整合研究

分析我国危险化学品安全监管网络的特征,指出安全监管网络中存在的法律法规、监管部门信息共享、合作协调机制等方面存在的突出问题,提出了我国危险化学品安全监管网络整合的主要对策,包括建立监管部门之间的常态合作协调机制、无缝隙化城市安全监管平台以及跨区域合作监管机制。危险化学品安全监管网络整合,对提高我国危险化学品监管水平具有重要意义。     

新疆阜康冶炼厂无污染工艺及环境治理

介绍了阜康冶炼厂无污染新工艺和环境治理的有关情况 ,从理论上阐述了无污染工艺和污水治理的技术原理 ,对有色金属冶炼工业逐步采用湿法精炼清洁工艺有一定的指导作用     

Monitoring urban growth and detecting land-cover changes on the Istanbul metropolitan area

Istanbul is the most populated city of Turkey with a population of around 10.58 M (2000) living on around 5,750 km². In 1980, the population was only 4.7 M and then it has been more than doubled in only two decades. The population has been increasing as a result of mass immigration. An urbanization process continues and it causes serious increases in urban areas while decreasing the amount of green areas. This rapid, uncontrolled, and illegal urbanization accompanied by insufficient infrastructure has caused degradation of forest and barren lands in the metropolitan area, especially through the last two decades. The watershed basins inside the metropolitan area and the transportation network have accelerated the land-cover changes, which have negative impacts on water quality of the basins. Monitoring urban growth and land cover change will enable better management of this complex urban area by the Greater Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (GIMM). A temporal assessment of land-cover changes of Istanbul has been documented in this study. The study mainly focuses on the acquisition and analysis of Landsat TM and Landsat GeoCover LC satellite images reflecting the significant land-cover changes between the years of 1990 and 2005. Raster data were converted to vector data and used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A database was created for Istanbul metropolitan area to plan, manage, and utilize statistical attribute data covering population, water, forest, industry, and topographic position. Consequently an overlay analysis was carried out and land use/cover changes through years have been detected for the case study area. The capability of Landsat images in determining the alterations in the macro form of the city are also discussed.     

Using Multi-Scale Sampling and Spatial Cross-Correlation to Investigate Patterns of Plant Species Richness

Land managers need better techniques to assess exoticplant invasions. We used the cross-correlationstatistic, I _YZ, to test for the presence ofspatial cross-correlation between pair-wisecombinations of soil characteristics, topographicvariables, plant species richness, and cover ofvascular plants in a 754 ha study site in RockyMountain National Park, Colorado, U.S.A. Using 25 largeplots (1000 m²) in five vegetation types, 8 of 12variables showed significant spatial cross-correlationwith at least one other variable, while 6 of 12variables showed significant spatial auto-correlation. Elevation and slope showed significant spatialcross-correlation with all variables except percentcover of native and exotic species. Percent cover ofnative species had significant spatialcross-correlations with soil variables, but not withexotic species. This was probably because of thepatchy distributions of vegetation types in the studyarea. At a finer resolution, using data from ten1 m² subplots within each of the 1000 m² plots, allvariables showed significant spatial auto- andcross-correlation. Large-plot sampling was moreaffected by topographic factors than speciesdistribution patterns, while with finer resolutionsampling, the opposite was true. However, thestatistically and biologically significant spatialcorrelation of native and exotic species could only bedetected with finer resolution sampling. We foundexotic plant species invading areas with high nativeplant richness and cover, and in fertile soils high innitrogen, silt, and clay. Spatial auto- andcross-correlation statistics, along with theintegration of remotely sensed data and geographicinformation systems, are powerful new tools forevaluating the patterns and distribution of native andexotic plant species in relation to landscape structure.     

Finding threatened forest areas in the central volcanic mountain range conservation area in Costa Rica

The degree at which tropical forests are exposed to human pressure is spatially dependent. Population density, proximity to roads, terrain slope, logging activities and land distribution projects are well known factors inducing deforestation and forest degradation in Latin America. Using expert knowledge to weight these threat factors and a Geographical Information System for spatial modeling, a multi-criteria analysis procedure is presented, that allows stratifying a study region in categories of deforestation threat. The procedure was implemented in the Central Volcanic Mountain Range Conservation Area (CVMRCA) in Costa Rica with the purpose of finding areas with a combination of physical and socioeconomic characteristics that is particularly predisposing to a high probability of deforestation. To validate the map, the CVMRCA was stratified in categories of deforestation risk, and the result was superposed to historical deforestation data of the period 1986–1996. The good correlation between risk category and historical deforestation (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) indicates that the map can be used as a decision support tool for defining priority areas for conservation action.     

Integrity of Tailings Infrastructure and Information Management: A GIS-Based Conceptual Model

Managing the integrity of tailings infrastructure is an important aspect of handling mine tailings. Unfortunately, little research is directed towards its efficient modeling. This paper presents salient aspects of tailings management. It proposes an integrated geographic information systems (GIS)-based conceptual model for efficient handling of these aspects. The paper also discusses the various integrated modules and comments on the systematic implementation of the model to achieve desired results. The modules include: structural integrity management (SIM), release impact assessment (RIA), and hazardous risk assessment and control (HRAC).     

冲压机械伤害风险评价信息系统研究

研究冲压机械伤害风险评价信息系统,无论对企业内部事故预防还是对职工健康安全,还是节省国家因事故造成的经济损失,都十分必要。应用计算机编程语言和数据库软件,对冲压作业进行综合管理评价、设备设施的固有危险性评价及劳动卫生与作业环境评价,进而对冲压作业风险进行评价分级,建立动态的冲压机械伤害风险评价数据库管理信息系统。该系统可保存所有评价的项目资料,供应用和参考,实现了对冲压机械伤害风险评价的数据库动态管理,使风险评价分析工作组织化、条理化、系统化。     

发展和完善我国航空安全自愿报告系统的研究

鉴于当前我国航空安全自愿报告系统运行时间短、效果不佳的现状,主要从航空安全自愿报告系统运行、系统平台功能设计及信息处理分析3方面,对国内外大量航空安全自愿报告系统进行研究。指出目前我国航空安全自愿报告系统在系统设计、系统运行及后期的信息处理、信息发布利用等环节存在的问题和制约因素。就协调中立运行机构与系统3大原则之间的冲突,加强系统平台的人性化设计,提高信息分析处理效果,完善信息发布利用机制、提高信息利用度等关键问题给出了新的思路和对策。为我国航空自愿报告系统的完善和发展,提出了切实的改进建议和措施。     

矿区铁路安全管理信息系统的研究

针对我国矿区铁路运输安全管理落后的现状,分析矿区铁路运输安全管理的主要特点,设计了矿区铁路安全管理信息系统的总体结构。以徐沛铁路运输系统为例,基于B/S模式开发了徐沛铁路安全管理信息系统,实现了对职工的安全培训考核、职工安全档案管理、运输事故信息的录入与统计分析、各类安全文档的管理、技术措施的审批和安全直通车的功能。该系统已在徐沛铁路运输安全管理中得到成功应用,也可应用于其他矿区铁路安全管理。