全文获取类型
收费全文 | 190篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 9篇 |
环保管理 | 100篇 |
综合类 | 26篇 |
基础理论 | 20篇 |
环境理论 | 4篇 |
污染及防治 | 1篇 |
评价与监测 | 2篇 |
社会与环境 | 48篇 |
灾害及防治 | 12篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 14篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有222条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
121.
退耕还林政策的激励机制缺陷 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
运用公共经济学中中央政府与地方职能划分的原则、土地竞租原理和产权经济学理论。分析了退耕还林中地方政府和农民承担的成本和收益损失。认为中央政府在退耕还林中忽视了地方政府的利益需求。不仅对地方政府在退耕还林中的生态贡献补偿不足。而且加重了地方政府的工作负担和财政负担。对地方政府缺乏激励;对农民的补偿较之于其在退耕还林中承担的直接成本、间接成本和林业经营的巨大风险。现有补偿数量不足。时间短;林地承包经营权限制性强、缺乏可交易性又使产权激励功能弱化。退耕还林要实现“退得下、稳得住、不返弹”的目标,必须加大对退耕还林地区地方政府和农民补偿额度。并建立长期、稳定、合理的生态补偿机制。 相似文献
122.
Miriam Miranda Carel Dieperink Pieter Glasbergen 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2002,4(1):69-86
Forests offer good possibilities for the sequestration of carbon dioxide. This service can be commodified by the introduction of carbon (dioxide) credits, which can be traded on a carbon market. The premise of this paper is that the traditional economic view on the construction of these carbon markets is a too simplistic one, particularly, because it neglects the social meaning of a carbon market for developing countries. From their viewpoint as suppliers of carbon credits such a market has a broader meaning. It must be seen as a social mechanism for improving both the living conditions of local people and a more encompassing improvement of the environment than climate as such. What initially might be labelled as a carbon market might better be understood as a more encompassing 'green market'. The agreement between Costa Rica and Norway, officially known as the Reforestation Conservation Activities Implemented Jointly Project (RFCAIJP) represents a clear example of a green market. In this paper, we study the development, characteristics and benefits of that market, asking the question what lessons can be learned from this first practical experiences. More specifically we focus on the conditions that have made this type of agreement successful. 相似文献
123.
环评倍受关注,主要因为其作为环保部门的最大权力,不仅没有起到预防污染发生的作用,反而成了一些不正当利益输送的通道。本文从回顾环评在中国的发展历程和剖析环保部门、建设单位或规划编制机关、环评机构在环评中的相互关系入手,试图回答“作为环保部门最大权力为什么预防不住环境污染”的问题。研究认为,应以促进环评回归其本质作为环评制度改革的目标,按“环评脱钩→环评审批→环境违法严惩→维护公众环境权益”优先顺序,全面推进环评制度改革;环评脱钩是环评制度改革的切入点或起点;环评制度改革须抓住“如何防止环评及干预环评的任性权力”这一关键点,即环评制度改革的“牛鼻子”应是环评审批;以信息公开、社会监督确保事中有效监督,确保公众环境权益、强化污染者的损害担责,倒逼环评回归其本质;以法治和社会监督防止环评及干预环评的权力任性。 相似文献
124.
近年来我国的经济发展中出现了居民的存款储蓄不断增长与企业资金短缺、股票市场低迷并存的现象。发达国家的经验表明,社会保障制度与金融发展具有明显的相关性:社会保障制度的改革与发展。改变了居民以存款为主体的金融资产结构。使居民金融资产的选择从直接持有转向通过养老金、保险金和共同基金等机构投资者的间接持有,促进了机构投资者的迅猛发展;而机构投资者的资产越来越多的投向了证券资产。进而促进了资本市场的进一步发展。 相似文献
125.
Ren Jingming Wang Rusong Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China Development Research Center of Chinese Geological Survey Beijing China 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2004,2(4)
Having argued the importance of China's sustainable development in global sustainability, the authors review the achievements of China in sustainable development, especially its institutional construction. Environment to be counted in official's political performance rating system is thought of as a new institutional mechanism in China facilitating its sustainable development and then global sustainability. Then its significance is narrated and visions in future are envisioned. In the end, certain concrete suggestions for the rating system are given in a practical way. 相似文献
126.
In what circumstances do organizations react to changes in their operating environment by adopting proportionate policy responses? And drawing on institutional theory, what expectations can we formulate in relation to the proportionality of policy responses to climate change? These two research questions frame this article, which seeks to make new connections between the emerging perspective of proportionality in policy-making and existing institutional theories. We find that institutional theories are well suited to formulating expectations concerning the (dis)proportionality of policy responses, but their explanatory power can be further improved by taking the characteristics of specific climate policy problems into account. While there are many different problems nested in the ‘meta’ problem of climate change, we find that most of them have characteristics which suggest that policy under-reactions are more, not less likely. Amongst institutional theories, rational choice institutionalism provides the clearest expectation that proportionate policy responses are unlikely. Policy entrepreneurship is identified as one obvious way in which to stimulate proportionate policy responses, through fostering new ways of thinking within organizations. 相似文献
127.
《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(3):284-300
The farming of natural coastal deltas and floodplains was in many parts of the world the cradle of civilization. Through history the transformation of risky floodplain systems into socially controlled environments was the result of an intricate interplay between ecology, demography, religion, social organization and technology of the time. After the harnessing of most large tropical rivers, there are in our time few natural deltas and floodplains left to study in the warm regions of the world. One such floodplain is the Rufiji coastal delta and floodplain in Tanzania. Here an artificial irrigation culture has not been developed, but a robust risk-minimizing system based on rice, maize, cotton and peas has evolved for delta and floodplain agriculture. Through the Arab, German and British colonization, attempts were made to ‘modernize’ this agricultural system, resulting in new crops and varieties being incorporated into the system in a way that made it even more robust. This study explains the genesis of this as a socio-ecological system, that is, an interaction of resource systems, resource units, governance and users. It analyses some fundamental challenges to this agricultural system during the last 100 years: the removal of the floodplain population to ‘safe ujamaa villages’, the recurring large infrastructure development initiatives and the modern institutional challenges such as individualized tenure, urban food market expansion, coastal and marine conservation, and the recent development of ‘land-grabbing’ practices. 相似文献
128.
As in other mountain regions of Asia, agricultural lands in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh are undergoing
degradation due primarily to environmentally incompatible land-use systems such as shifting cultivation (jhum) and annual cash crops. The suitable land-use systems such as agroforestry and timber tree plantation provide benefit to
the society at large, but they might not provide attractive economic benefits to farmers, eventually constraining a wide-scale
adoption of such land-use systems. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate agricultural land-use systems from both societal
and private perspectives in the pursuit of promoting particularly environmentally sustainable systems. This article evaluated
five major land-use systems being practiced in CHT, namely jhum, annual cash crops, horticulture, agroforestry, and timber plantation. The results of the financial analysis revealed the
annual cash crops as the most attractive land use and jhum as the least attractive of the five land-use systems considered under the study. Horticulture, timber plantation, and agroforestry,
considered to be suitable land-use systems particularly for mountainous areas, held the middle ground between these two systems.
Annual cash crops provided the highest financial return at the cost of a very high rate of soil erosion. When the societal
cost of soil erosion is considered, annual cash crops appear to be the most costly land-use system, followed by jhum and horticulture. Although financially less attractive compared to annual cash crops and horticulture, agroforestry and timber
plantation are the socially most beneficial land-use systems. Findings of the alternative policy analyses indicate that there
is a good prospect for making environmentally sustainable land-use systems, such as agroforestry and timber plantation, attractive
for the farmers by eliminating existing legal and institutional barriers, combined with the provision of necessary support
services and facilities.
相似文献
Golam RasulEmail: |
129.
自1972年斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议以来,中国环境外交活动,取得了显著的成就,并成为中国总体外交中的重要组成部分。然而,新形势给新时期的环境外交带来了巨大的挑战。为此,本文面对新形势提出相应对策。 相似文献
130.
William Blomquist Tanya Heikkila Edella Schlager 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(4):925-936
ABSTRACT: This paper pursues more specifically the recommendations of a recent National Research Council report recommending greater attention to research on institutions in the field of water resource management. The important challenge for the future in institutional research lies in going beyond the observation that institutions are important and in explaining instead how institutions actually affect management options and outcomes. It is possible to illuminate the relationships between institutional features and water management through comparative institutional research. This paper offers recommendations for studying water institutions in a comparative context, including methodological recommendations concerning approaches to comparative institutional research, and topics for comparative institutional research that appear especially fruitful at this time. The example of conjunctive management is used to illustrate the importance of institutional factors in water management, drawing to some extent on the authors’ recent experience with a comparative study of conjunctive management institutions. 相似文献