企业外协人员安全管理的探讨

分析了近几年来企业中出现的外协人员现象，肯定了外协人员城市发展、企业发展中的作用，并对外协人员的劳动保护作了一定剖板。     

新中国成立至改革开放前我国应对海洋灾害的实践及启示

梳理和总结新中国初期我国应对海洋灾害的实践,有助于我们了解海洋灾害的应对措施并为当今提供借鉴。通过对我国海洋灾害史料的分析和总结,得知从新中国成立至改革开放前这一时期内,"防重于救"是我国应对海洋灾害的的主要指导思想,在海洋灾害预测预警、建设防护性工程、群众自救和政府辅以必要救济等方面发挥了重要作用,并为之后我国应对海洋灾害打下了一定基础。     

Youth participation in disaster risk reduction through science clubs in the Philippines

With the UN‐led celebration of the International Year of Youth from August 2010 to August 2011 there has been a renewed interest in young people and the vital role they can play in important issues, such as disaster risk reduction (DRR). This study aims to examine the potential of science clubs as a vehicle for youth participation in DRR in the Philippines. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 658 science club members from different provinces of the Philippines participated in the survey. The result of the survey is used to explain how the major barriers to youth participation in DRR can be overcome. Through science clubs, the youth can become a link between their school, home and community and can contribute to spreading knowledge about disaster prevention, preparedness and response learned inside and outside the classroom.     

What motivates farmers to participate in sustainable agriculture? Evidence and policy implications

Sustained growth in agricultural productivity has become an ideal model and a political goal of agricultural development in China. Local participation is essential for the implementation of sustainable agriculture strategy. We conducted a case study in Hailun County, an important grain production base in China, to find ways to motivate farmers to participate in sustainable agriculture. We obtained data from semi-structured interviews of 98 households using participatory rural appraisal methods. Logistic regression models were used to explore factors that underlie farmers' attitudes towards agricultural production and their environmental awareness. Results indicated that low agricultural economic efficiency could result in less enthusiasm for agriculture among local farmers. This is a potential risk for China's food security and sustainable agricultural development. The backward development of the rural economy limited improvement of farmers' environmental awareness. Moreover, poor rural labour quality implied a lack of local participation in sustainable agriculture. Suggestions for sustainable agricultural development include establishment of a reasonable market and agricultural subsidy mechanisms, basic and vocational education for young adults, effective agricultural instruction and environmental education agencies and two-way communication mechanisms.     

高校科学管理的几点思考

高校深入学习实践科学发展观活动的开展,要求在加强教育教学管理工作中逐步确立科学发展观,以系统的管理理论为基础,坚持以人为本、凸显观念创新和机构创新的管理思想,切实提高高校党政领导驾御全局、领导学校可持续快速发展的能力。     

城镇蔓延与滞留型城镇化人口

在以政府主导为特征的城镇化进程中,我国形成了有别于西方城市蔓延概念的城镇蔓延。在户籍制度以及经济发展水平的制约下,政府主导的城乡空间转化,将造成其中人口城乡身份识别的困难。本文通过构建一个人口聚集与城市空间增长的动态均衡模型来研究政府推动下的城镇空间扩张对人口的影响。研究发现,在城镇蔓延中除了造成城镇空间的扩张,还产生两类"半"城镇化人口:滞留型城镇化人口和未市民化的进入型城镇人口。与"离土离乡"的进入型城镇人口不同,滞留型城镇人口"不离土不离乡"却由于生存空间划分为城镇地区而成为城镇常住人口。利用人口普查数据对改革开放以来农业户籍人口在城镇地区的变动规模进行分解,发现因为城镇蔓延而产生的的滞留型城镇化人口规模超过进入型城镇化人口,成为农业户籍城镇化中最大群体,且该类人口主要集中在镇区。对这类人口的忽视,将对理解我国城镇进程及其作用产生偏差。而城镇蔓延造成的复杂人口结构需要社会重新考虑我国城镇化进程。而城镇化从空间管理向人口管理、率先解决滞留型城镇人口的城镇化问题以及严格控制小城镇土地城镇化现象,将推进我国城镇化健康发展。     

Earthquake mortality in Pakistan

A strong earthquake, measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale, hit northern Pakistan on 8 October 2005, causing massive destruction, including an official death toll of 73,276. Four cross-sectional surveys were performed in late 2005 to assess mortality before the event, on the day, and subsequently. Two surveys were community-based and two were situated in camps for internally displaced persons. Crude mortality rates were low in the 3.5 months preceding the earthquake (less than 0.1 deaths per 10,000 per day) and slightly higher in the six-to-eight weeks after the earthquake (ranging from 0.10–0.43 per 10,000 per day). On 8 October 2005, approximately two per cent of the population in one community survey died and around five per cent in the other three surveys. Children less than five years and adults more than or equal to 50 years tended to have a higher risk of mortality on the day of the disaster. These results corroborate the high mortality caused by the earthquake.     

Local people's perceptions as decision support for protected area management in Wolong Biosphere Reserve, China

This paper examines local people's knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards Wolong Biosphere Reserve (WBR) and its management policies. Pertinent data were collected through a questionnaire survey and group discussions. This study revealed that local people's perceptions were affected by many factors, including education, gender, residence location, household size and acreage of land owned. Although most respondents had limited knowledge about WBR because of their absence in WBR management, they held a positive attitude towards WBR. An in-depth analysis of their attitudes and perceptions showed that two potential conflicts might affect biodiversity conservation and protected area management. One of them was the imbalance between the limited cropland holding and the oversupply of the labor force, and the other one was the increase in electricity price versus the decrease in economic incentives for the Natural Forest Protection Project. The study also revealed that relocation was considered unacceptable to most respondents. However, those residing far from the main road were willing to relocate more than those near the main road. Based on our studies, some recommendations are given for improvement of WBR management.     

Managing an Endangered Asian Bovid in an Australian National Park: The Role and Limitations of Ecological-Economic Models in Decision-Making

Should north Australia’s extensive populations of feral animals be eradicated for conservation, or exploited as a rare opportunity for Indigenous enterprise in remote regions? We examine options for a herd of banteng, a cattle species endangered in its native Asian range but abundant in Garig Gunak Barlu National Park, an Aboriginal land managed jointly by traditional owners and a conservation agency in the Northern Territory of Australia. We reflect on the paradoxes that arise when trying to deal effectively with such complex and contested issues in natural resource management using decision-support tools (ecological-economic models), by identifying the trade-offs inherent in protecting values whilst also providing incomes for Indigenous landowners.     

陕南移民搬迁与后续增收途径响应研究

同传统的推拉理论引起的移民相比,陕南脱贫攻坚移民具有政府行为的特点,它将自然演进中形成的劳动者与分散耕地相匹配格局打破,出现了劳动者与土地分离的局面,可能造成搬迁后生计不可持续问题。因此,探讨移民搬迁后续增收途径对于促进移民“稳得住”具有十分重要的理论与现实意义。抽取陕南汉中、安康、商洛3市9县584户搬迁家庭作为样本进行实地问卷调查及访谈,通过对调研数据分析发现：（1）搬迁距离对农户生活质量及收入方式产生影响,搬迁距离在2 km以内为适宜距离,社区规模在500户以下,农户最为满意;（2）搬迁距离会引起农户收入方式的转变,搬迁距离越远,农户无法继续使用原有土地等生产生活资料,农业生产发展缓慢,农技水平也相对滞后,使得农户务农收入减少,收入方式向务工转变;（3）就近安置、提升移民人力资本、兴办安置地产业等举措是解决移民户收入来源的可选途径。