In Colombia, national policies and laws on the protection of vulnerable populations pay specific attention to the sexual and reproductive health needs and rights of internally displaced adolescents. This paper describes how a United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)-supported programme (September 2000-August 2004) on the sexual and reproductive health of internally displaced adolescents contributed to restoring their dignity as a precursor to promoting their sexual and reproductive health rights. Different forms of the arts were used as basic techniques to discover their body and to provide sexual and reproductive health information and education. The arts were found to play a key role in restoring their dignity. Although dignity appeared to be a determinant of greater awareness of rights, it did not lead to increased empowerment with regard to rights. The availability of and access to sexual and reproductive health services remains a problem and displaced populations continue to have little or no power to hold their authorities accountable. 相似文献
This article examines the sustainability of the Grain for Green Project in the Wolong Nature Reserve. Pertinent data were
collected through a questionnaire survey and a spatial analysis of reforested lands. The study results identified four critical
issues that may influence the sustainability of the project in the study area. The first issue is concerned with the project’s
impacts on local sustenance. Because local grain consumption depends greatly on compensation awarded by the project, the potential
for sustainability of the project is compromised. The second issue is that the project causes negative effects on local incomes
in the Wolong Nature Reserve, which may undermine local economic prospects. The third issue is that the project failed to
deliver suitable habitat for the giant panda, although two of the suitability requirements that deal with landform features
were met. Lastly, the project neglects great differences among geographical areas in the country, providing the same compensation
and length of compensation period to all participants. Appropriate compensation mechanisms should be established and adapted
to local economic, environmental, and social conditions. In managing nature reserves and moving toward sustainability, ensuring
all aspects of local socioeconomic and ecological/environmental issues are properly addressed is a real challenge. Based on
our study, some recommendations for improving sustainability of the project are given. 相似文献
Objective: Though it is common to refer to age-specific groups (e.g., children, adults, elderly), smooth trends conditional on age are mainly ignored in the literature. The present study examines the pedestrian injury risk in full-frontal pedestrian-to–passenger car accidents and incorporates age—in addition to collision speed and injury severity—as a plug-in parameter.
Methods: Recent work introduced a model for pedestrian injury risk functions using explicit formulae with easily interpretable model parameters. This model is expanded by pedestrian age as another model parameter. Using the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) to obtain age-specific risk proportions, the model parameters are fitted to the raw data and then smoothed by broken-line regression.
Results: The approach supplies explicit probabilities for pedestrian injury risk conditional on pedestrian age, collision speed, and injury severity under investigation. All results yield consistency to each other in the sense that risks for more severe injuries are less probable than those for less severe injuries. As a side product, the approach indicates specific ages at which the risk behavior fundamentally changes. These threshold values can be interpreted as the most robust ages for pedestrians.
Conclusions: The obtained age-wise risk functions can be aggregated and adapted to any population. The presented approach is formulated in such general terms that in can be directly used for other data sets or additional parameters; for example, the pedestrian's sex. Thus far, no other study using age as a plug-in parameter can be found. 相似文献
Nabeel Hamdi (ed.), Educating for Real: The Training of Professionals For Development Practice Olav Slaymaker (ed.), Geomorphic Hazards Gérard Prunier, The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genicide Robert Chambers, Whose Reality Counts Putting the First Last 相似文献