Diagnosis and recommendations for transjurisdictional water pollution management in China

Large-scale water environmental deterioration is one of the most prominent environmental issues in current China. Transjurisdictional water pollution is an important reason for water environmental deterioration of river basins, and currently there are some major defects that exist in China's management system related to transjurisdictional water pollution. With seven major river basins in China as an object of study, this paper is designed to perform a diagnosis of major problems about the transjurisdictional water pollution management in China from three aspects, i.e. institution, mechanism, and legislation. On the basis of this, it gives an overall train of thoughts on the reform of transjurisdictional water pollution management in China, and proposes specific recommendations from the aforesaid three aspects.     

中德财政合作辽宁朝阳生态造林项目监测方法的探讨

项目监测在中德财政合作辽宁朝阳生态造林项目执行中起着非常重要的作用.总结多年监测经验,对造林类型,取样方法,评估的数量标准,面积的真实性和评估的质量标准等方面进行科学归纳,形成了一套科学实用的监测方法与监测体系,对提高监测效率和保证造林质量发挥了重要作用.     

天南星(Arisaema erubescens Schott)及其与链霉菌配伍灭螺效果

天南星水浸液及其与链霉菌稀释液配伍,用于灭螺实验,结果显示,天南星具有很强的灭螺效果,不同部位的灭螺效果为:根>叶>茎。其中根的灭螺效果与夹竹桃相当。天南星与链霉菌配伍使用,具有明显的协同作用,是单一成分的4～5倍,比夹竹桃与链霉菌复合使用的协同作用更明显,且能有效地抑制钉螺上爬。因此,天南星为灭螺植物和构建高效的群落生态工程灭螺提供新的物种资源;这种植物和微生物的复合灭螺的协同效应,为灭螺工作提供新的思路。     

How Kentish plovers,<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Charadrius alexandrinus</Emphasis>, cope with heat stress during incubation

Biparental incubation is frequent among shorebirds and is expected when the survival prospects of offspring increase relative to uniparental incubation. To understand why this occurs, it is important to identify the factors that constrain uniparental incubation. It is assumed that birds choose nesting sites that provide an appropriate microclimate for incubation. Many shorebirds nest in sites with no or little cover, where ambient temperatures at ground level might be >50°C during very hot days. Shorebirds nest in exposed sites because predation risk on incubating adults is higher in covered sites. In hot environments, incubating shorebirds might experience heat stress in exposed sites, and this may compromise nesting success if adults are unable to attend their nests continuously, limiting the possibilities of uniparental incubation and thus the expression of a sexual conflict over incubation. The operative temperatures of Kentish plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) were recorded in exposed and covered sites, and the thermal behaviour and incubating tactics of pair members were studied in a hot environment. During the hottest part of the day, there was a difference of 10–15°C in the operative temperatures of plovers between covered and exposed sites. Plovers in covered sites did not exhibit any thermoregulatory behaviour indicative of thermal stress, probably because the thermal range encountered by them in such places during most of the daytime was close to the thermo-neutral zone. The frequency with which plovers in exposed sites exhibited thermoregulatory behaviour was related to ambient temperature. Under very hot conditions, incubating birds were probably unable to maintain homeostasis for long periods and pair members resorted to shortening incubation bouts. Female Kentish plovers mainly incubate in the daytime and males during the night. However, the probability of diurnal incubation by males increased with ambient temperature in exposed nests, but not in covered ones. In fact, the frequency of participation in diurnal incubation by males was greater in exposed than in covered sites, suggesting that the participation of males in diurnal incubation may be related to the inability of females to stay at the nest during long periods when the ambient temperature is high. Even after resorting to shortened incubation bouts, the plovers may be unable to attend their nests continuously during heat waves, and the nests may be deserted. The propensity of plovers to desert their nests was affected by proximity to water, with nests located close to water being deserted less frequently. It seems likely that susceptibility to thermal stress changed in relation to proximity to water because in sites close to water it was possible to belly-soak, which would allow a more continuous nest attendance. Therefore, despite the adoption of behavioural solutions to face heavy heat loads, nesting success was vulnerable to these solutions because heat stress during extended periods may constrain parental nest attendance, and this may limit the opportunities for sexual conflicts over incubation.Communicated by J. Graves     

中、缅、印交界地区(东喜马拉雅山-横断山) 生物多样性保护研究

在中、缅、印交界的２９．１万ｋｍ＾２区域内，可区划为６种类型区。为保护生物多样性庆在云南境内扩建和新建一批自然区，在三国交界区域建立中、缅、印国际自然保护区，并在缅甸葡萄城建核心地带管理所，在中国昆明建立东喜马拉雅山－横断山揿样性保护中心。中心对本区域内不同类型生态系统的时空分布进行宏观研究，初步确认具有全球意义的原生态区与生态系统，探索跨国界的区域性生物多样性保护与管理途径。     

欧盟环境立法对国际环境合作的影响

在共同的全球利益之下,因社会性因素的紧密联结而结成的较为成熟的区域性组织可以说在环境保护利益上更具有可协调性,并已成为国际环境合作的一种途径.本文通过分析区域性组织-欧洲联盟内部的环境立法,来探析国际环境合作领域.     

改善环境规划管理 促进沈阳的可持续发展

结合正在实施之中的“沈阳可持续发展项目”,论述了通过消除沈阳环境规划管理方面的制约因素 ,加强发展过程中的跨部门协调合作、民主决策和公众广泛参与的机制 ,促进沈阳市社会、经济和环境全面的持续发展     

The sound of cooperation: Musical influences on cooperative behavior

Music as an environmental aspect of professional workplaces has been closely studied with respect to consumer behavior while sparse attention has been given to its relevance for employee behavior. In this article, we focus on the influence of music upon cooperative behavior within decision‐making groups. Based on results from two extended 20‐round public goods experiments, we find that happy music significantly and positively influences cooperative behavior. We also find a significant positive association between mood and cooperative behavior. Consequently, while our studies provide partial support for the relevance of affect in relation to cooperation within groups, we also show an independently important function of happy music that fits with a theory of synchronous and rhythmic activity as a social lubricant. More generally, our findings indicate that music and perhaps other atmospheric variables that are designed to prime consumer behavior might have comparably important effects for employees and consequently warrant closer investigation. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Journal of Organizational Behavior Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

国际水法对长江流域立法的启示和意义

随着长江经济带建设的推进,长江流域治理亟待法治化。由于调整对象、事项和目标方面的相似性,国际水法的理论、原则、规则和实践对于长江流域立法具有重要且有益的参考价值。长江流域立法面临着利益主体多元、生态环境和资源保护任务艰巨以及治理体制机制很不合理三个方面的巨大挑战。国际水法关于生态整体性路径、公平合理利用原则以及流域治理体制机制三个基本方面的理论、法律和指南以及实践,对于长江流域立法有效应对这些挑战具有重要启示。其意义体现在：直接促进长江流域治理的法治化,间接推进中国流域立法与国际水法之间的兼容性;直接示范国内其他流域,间接助推实现我国成为全球生态文明建设重要参与者、贡献者和引领者的战略。     

生态社区建设中环保教育的代际引导机制调查研究

居民既是社区生态环境改善的受益者,也是推动和监督社区环境治理的根本动力.充分利用文献法、入户访谈、问卷调查法及案例分析法,调查生态社区环境治理背景下家庭环保教育的代际引导机制,发现:学生对于室外实践课和手工实践课兴趣很高,比较排斥室内文本形式的环保教育.超过82.4%的家长期望孩子在环保课堂中可以学习到环保知识,超过61%的家长愿意配合学生完成环保课外实践.目的:研究确实有效的家庭环保意识传递方式,为社区、学校的环境教育提供高效的教学方案.