关于一起过电压事故的调查分析

通过一起过电压事故的调查分析,找出了发生事故的主要原因,并提出了整改措施及应吸取的经验教训。     

Experimental study of new solar air heater design

The suitable design is the most important key to a cost-effective solar air heater. Although there are many techniques that have been proposed to improve the solar air heaters’ performance by means of different turbulence promoters, they cannot ensure a compromise between the cost and the effectiveness. The aim of this study is to find simple and tolerable solution to get rid of the inconvenience resulting from the widely adopted heat-transfer-enhancement techniques by providing an optimized solar air heater design. The proposed design consists of a slightly curved smooth flow channel with an absorber plate of convex shape. A prototype of a curved solar air heater of 1.28 m² collector area was built and tested under summer outdoor conditions in Biskra (Algeria). The performance was evaluated in terms of thermal and effective efficiency for mass flow rates of 0.0172, 0.029, and 0.0472 kg/sm². It is observed that the overall efficiency of this solar air heater is considerably higher in comparison with the efficiency range of the conventional smooth flat plate heaters reported in the literature for similar operating conditions.     

我国川牛膝资源分布及生产状况调查

对我国川牛膝的资源分布及生产状况进行了实地调查,以期为川牛膝的种质系统评价及产业发展提供参考。在查阅文献的基础上,通过实地调查、样品收集、走访当地有关部门发现,目前川牛膝主要为2—3年生,生长环境在海拔1800m左右,市场上大宗商品主要来自四川雅安及金口河区、重庆奉节县、湖南隆回县、龙山县和湖北恩施的板桥等地,不同的种植方式对其生产周期有影响。川牛膝已出现新的产区,各地川牛膝种质有不同程度的混杂或不纯,亟待逐步纯化并培育优良品种。     

升钟水库富营养状况及生物群落调查评价

根据2008～2009年对升钟水库的逐月监测结果,采用综合营养状态指数法,对湖泊富营养化现状进行了评价,并对水库的浮游植物群落种类和密度进行了定性定量分析。结果表明,水库目前处于中营养状态,但在初夏和秋季由于温度和降水等气象条件的影响,可达到轻度富营养,其程度随季节变化明显：初夏和初秋形成高峰,冬、春季为低谷。从生物群落分析,浮游植物种类及密度在不同季节差别较大,初春及夏季的较其他季节多、冬季最低,优势种为蓝绿藻和硅藻。     

典型固体可燃物燃烧沉积物微观形貌特征的研究

利用火灾现场中燃烧物沉积物所特有的火灾原始信息,可以帮助火灾调查人员准确辨识与鉴别起火部位或起火点附近可燃物分部情况,辅助判断初始起火材料和起火部位的特点,通过燃烧模拟试验,开展了木材、化纤织物、棉织物、PVC制品、聚氨酯泡沫等常见固体可燃物燃烧沉积物微观形貌特征研究。首先,利用SEM 分析了不同材料沉积物中粒子分布、微观形貌等结构性差异。接着,进行了颗粒物的形貌学测量和组成成分测定。最终,得到了样本的量化差异特征。研究结果表明:5种固体可燃材料燃烧沉积物存在结构性差异,但并不显著;对组成粒子进行的形貌学测量和成分测定,可以量化区分材料属性。该方法可以为建立火灾现场起火部位可燃材料的燃烧时序性提供技术支持。     

我国安全生产事故调查分级培训机制研究

调查培训对于调查人员素质、技能和知识水平的提高具有十分重要的作用。本文首先对比分析了发达国家事故调查员培训的理念、方法和机制,结合我国伤亡事故分级调查处理的原则,引入分级培训机制,通过分析不同层次及类型的事故调查中调查员应具备的知识和技能,设计适应实际需求的培训机制和方法,建立事故调查培训绩效评估体系,并提出建立健全事故调查培训体制对策,有利于集中和充分利用社会资源,提高调查人员整体素质。通过改进事故调查培训机制,有利于提高事故调查的科学性和权威性,使人们能真正从事故中吸取教训和总结经验,防止类似事故的再次发生。     

汶川"5·12"地震公路灾害分析和防治对策

"5·12"汶川8.0级特大地震中,震区公路及其设施设备遭到了极为严重的破坏,公路受损里程累计53 295 km.通过灾后现场调查资料对震区高山峡谷地带的公路破坏特征进行了剖析和归纳.将地震灾害破坏模式划分为两种:一种是与地震同步发生的地震波对公路结构本身造成的直接破坏模式,主要有公路的路面、桥梁、隧道结构本身的变形和破坏;另一种是地震诱发诸如崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、塌陷等次生灾害对公路的间接破坏作用.通过对两种破坏作用的分析,从6个方面提出了对震区高山峡谷地带的公路抗震防灾对策建议.     

桑植县大鲵资源调查

张家界国家级大鲵自然保护区的核心区域位于湖南省桑植县境内。为了科学地掌握该县大鲵〖WTBX〗（Andrias davidianus）〖WTBZ〗资源状况,对大鲵资源的分布区域和数量进行了调查。结果表明：近年该县野生大鲵分布区域不断缩小,呈不连续点状分布,主要存在于澧水北源流经的五道水镇川洞峡,澧水南源流经的院子及酉水流经的芙蓉桥乡泉河等14处;野生资源量仍在衰退,目前仅约976尾。人工养殖大鲵资源主要分布五道水镇和芙蓉桥乡;人工养殖资源量增加较大,约2.64万尾。基于以上现状,认为需要加强大鲵资源保护管理,重视野生大鲵栖息地生态环境保护与基础研究,增加人工养殖大鲵的野外放流数量,以逐步恢复野生大鲵资源;同时继续发展大鲵人工养殖,不断增加人工养殖大鲵的资源量.     

Diffusive partitioning tracer test for the quantification of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in the vadose zone: Performance evaluation for heterogeneous NAPL distribution

A partitioning tracer test based on gas-phase diffusion in the vadose zone yields estimates of the residual nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) saturation. The present paper investigates this technique further by studying diffusive tracer breakthrough curves in the vadose zone for a heterogeneous NAPL distribution. Tracer experiments were performed in a lysimeter with a horizontal layer of artificial kerosene embedded in unsaturated sand. Tracer disappearance curves at the injection point and tracer breakthrough curves at some distance from the injection point were measured inside and outside of the NAPL layer. A numerical code was used to generate independent model predictions based on the physicochemical sand, NAPL, and tracer properties. The measured and modeled tracer breakthrough curves were in good agreement confirming the validity of important modeling assumptions such as negligible sorption of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) tracers to the uncontaminated sand and their fast reversible partitioning between the soil air and the NAPL phase. Subsequently, the model was used to investigate different configurations of NAPL contamination. The experimental and model results show that the tracer disappearance curves of a single-well diffusive partitioning tracer test (DPTT) are dominated by the near-field presence of NAPL around the tip of the soil gas probe. In contrast, breakthrough curves of inter-well tracer tests reflect the NAPL saturation in between the probes, although there is no unique interpretation of the tracer signals if the NAPL distribution is heterogeneous. Numerical modeling is useful for the planning of a DPTT application. Simulations suggest that several cubic meters of soil can be investigated with a single inter-well partitioning tracer test of 24-hour duration by placing the injection point in the center of the investigated soil volume and probes at up to 1 m distance for the monitoring of gaseous tracers.     

安徽淮北平原浅层水中氟的调查分析及建议对策

以安徽淮北平原浅层水中与人体健康密切相关的氟元素为研究对象,通过现场调查、采样、测试、分析,得出研究区浅层水中的氟含量在平面分布上,具有由中部向西北部渐高,向东南部渐低的变化特征;在垂向分布上,总体看随深度呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,以26~30 m范围均值点为临界点,其均值为2.19 mg/L。根据水样中氟含量的高低,将采样区划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个等级高氟水区和非超标区。探讨了浅层水中氟的影响因子,认为高氟水主要是由自然条件形成。针对采样区浅层高氟水改水现状和存在问题,提出具体建议对策。