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Introduction: A critical aspect of occupational safety is workplace inspections by experts, in which hazards are identified. Scientific research demonstrates that expectation generated by context (i.e., prior knowledge and experience) can bias the judgments of professionals and that individuals are largely unaware when their judgments are affected by bias. Method: The current research tested the reliability and biasability of expert safety inspectors’ judgments. We used a two-study design (Study 1, N = 83; Study 2, N = 70) to explore the potential of contextual, task-irrelevant, information to bias professionals’ judgments. We examined three main issues: (1) the effect that biasing background information (safe and unsafe company history) had on professional regulatory safety inspectors’ judgments of a worksite; (2) the reliability of those judgments amongst safety inspectors and (3) inspectors’ awareness of bias in their judgments and confidence in their performance. Results: Our findings establish that: (i) inspectors’ judgments were biased by historical contextual information, (ii) they were not only biased, but the impact was implicit: they reported being unaware that it affected their judgments, and (iii) independent of our manipulations, inspectors were inconsistent with one another and the variations were not a product of experience. Conclusion: Our results are a replication of findings from a host of other professional domains, where honest, hardworking professionals underappreciate the biasing effect of context on their decision making. The current paper situates these findings within the relevant research on safety inspection, cognitive bias and decision making, as well as provides suggestions for bias mitigation in workplace safety inspection. Practical Application: Our results have implications for occupational health and safety given that inspection is an integral aspect of an effective safety system. In addition to our findings, this study contributes to the literature by providing recommendations regarding how to mitigate the effect of bias in inspection. 相似文献
83.
Around 15:00 GMT on August 4th, an explosion occurred in the warehouse facility storing Ammonium Nitrate (AN) at Beirut port, Lebanon. The explosion resulted in more than 178 fatalities and injured more than 6500 people, and also left an estimated 300,000 people homeless and registered as an equivalent to a 3.3 magnitude earth quake. The accident was considered to be the largest of its kind and the most severe anthropological disaster of the decade, the financial loss the nation was subjected to post the explosion was estimated to be around $ 15 billion as informed by the governor. The storage conditions of ammonium nitrate at Beirut port is not definitively known to anyone, and there is no documentation provided so far from the authorities regarding the same. This work focuses on the investigation & consequence analysis of the explosion using TNT equivalent approach. The overpressure and the impulse obtained from TNT calculations are used in probit models to assess the damages caused on human beings and structures. The results obtained in this investigative approach are then utilized to provide an analytical inference relative to the damage proxy map reported by the advance rapid imaging analysis team from NASA. Also, this work examines the existing standards, fire safety measures and legal regulations for ammonium nitrate facilities in the region. AN explosion during storage like other fire and explosion accidents are definitely preventable owing to the technological advancements and developments to prevent or extinguish controllable fires. The significance of this work relates to the methods for calculation of consequences of explosion that are happening due to the storage of highly hazardous explosive materials in excessive quantities and insists the necessity of incorporating adequate safety measures while storing such reactive and hazardous materials. 相似文献
84.
上海浦东某氯代烃场地地下水污染现状调查 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
氯代烃曾经广泛用作工业清洗剂,由于过度使用和储存不当,造成严重的土壤和地下水污染.本研究选取上海浦东某1,1,1-三氯乙烷(1,1,1-TCA)污染场地作为研究对象,连续5年观测了75个监测井的地下水样品氯代烃分布.采用吹扫捕集和气相色谱联用法检测了地下水样品中氯代烃的种类和浓度,运用GMS软件构建了污染场地水文地质模型和氯代烃污染羽分布图.结果表明,氯代烃污染羽主要分布在5个区域,面积达5000 m2左右,深度主要在地下4~8 m的粘土层中,污染土壤和地下水总量为50000 m3左右;2号区域的污染情况最为严重,氯代烃浓度范围为10~1700 mg·L~(-1),发现50 m3左右的自由相(DNAPL).研究结果将为揭示该场地污染物迁移转化规律,为后续的人体健康风险评估和制定修复方案提供数据支撑. 相似文献
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李建熹 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2011,(4):58-60
通过对沈阳市具有代表性的几家煤矿企业废气污染物排放状况的监测研究,由此核算该行业主要大气污染物产生量,各污染因子的污染当量数,并确定了生产单位产品时产生的废气排污费征收额度,为大气污染物排放总量的控制管理提供技术依据。 相似文献
87.
云山国家森林公园旅游开发可行性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文在充分调查的基础上,全面阐述了湘西南云山国家森林公园旅游开发的优越条件,指出了在旅游开发中存在的问题,提出了可行性开发的建议与初步设想,并对开发的前景意义进行了研究分析 相似文献
88.
乌鲁木齐市市民环境意识万人问卷调查报告 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为贯彻全国和自治区第4次环保会议精神,了解和提高全市各族群众的环境意识,使环境保护基本国策深入人心,乌鲁木齐市环保局在1998年“六·五”世界环境日之际开展了以“关心环境保护,共建美丽首府”为主题的市民环境意识万人问卷活动。由全市7区1县及2个开发区环保局(站)协助,分别在政府机关、厂矿、学校、街头、摊点进行发放问卷活动。调查结果初步摸清了乌鲁木齐市在环境宣传教育中所取得的成效和存在的问题,为今后更好地加强环境宣传教育,普及环境科学知识,提高社会各界环境意识提供了参考信息。 相似文献
89.
90.
基于金相分析技术的煤矿火灾事故调查试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对矿井火灾现场特性的分析,根据金属材料的特点,提出利用金相鉴定技术进行矿井火灾事故调查的新方法,试验测定得出高温作用下40号钢和铸铁的金相组织和硬度的动态变化规律。试验结果表明,不同加热温度条件下,40号钢冷却后具有不同的金相组织,其硬度随受热温度的升高迅速下降;在相同加热温度不同受热时间条件下,40号钢的金相组织与硬度变化不明显。铸铁的硬度随加热时间的增加呈下降趋势,其金相组织也有较明显的区别。根据矿井火灾后降温较为缓慢的特点,提出灰口铸铁与白口铸铁相互转变的方向性。因此,矿井火灾事故调查可以对受到火灾破坏的金属构件的金相组织的观察和硬度测定,来"反推"出该部位在火灾时曾受过的最高温度以及持续时间,从而可推断火灾的蔓延情况,为认定起火原因和起火位置提供技术支持。 相似文献