PCB77降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从污染土样中分离出一株多氯联苯(PCBs)降解菌,利用细菌通用引物扩增降解菌的16S rDNA,得到~1 500 bp的片段。经纯化,测序后在Genbank上进行同源性比较分析及系统发育树构建,初步鉴定该菌株为Pseudomonas sp,并用其对PCB77进行降解研究。研究结果表明,该菌株在培养2 d后达到对数生长期,当培养温度为30℃、培养基pH值为7.0、微生物接种量为109cfu/mL、PCB77初始浓度为1.0 mg/L时,微生物对PCB77的降解率为58.63%。微生物对PCB77降解的最适条件为:培养基pH值为7.0、微生物接种量为2×109cfu/mL、外加蔗糖浓度为2.0 g/L、PCB77初始浓度为0.5 mg/L。     

苯并[a]芘高效降解菌筛选及其降解特性研究

为获得苯并[a]芘（BaP）污染修复的新菌株,通过梯度提高无机盐培养基（MSM）中BaP浓度的方法,本研究从北京焦化厂污染土壤中筛选出1株能够对液体中高浓度BaP（100 mg/L）降解的霉菌,鉴定结果为可可毛色二孢菌（Lasiodiplodiatheobromae）.并首次对L.theobromae在液体中降解BaP...     

基于失效模式的船体典型加筋板极限承载能力预报

目的 探究失效模式对加筋板极限承载能力的影响,并提出加筋板极限承载能力预报方法。方法 利用非线性有限元法,对某典型船体加筋板模型进行分析。考虑加筋柔度与甲板柔度2种主要影响因素,分析加筋板的破坏机理,明确不同失效模式下甲板柔度与加筋柔度对加筋板极限承载能力的影响规律,并提出不同失效模式下加筋板极限承载能力的经验公式。结果 甲板柔度一定时,随着加筋柔度的增加,加筋板的破坏模式由板与加筋的局部屈曲,变为板格的局部屈曲,最后演变为加筋板的整体梁柱屈曲。板格宽度较低时,随着加筋高度的增加,加筋板的破坏模式会由梁柱屈曲变为板格屈曲;板格宽度较大时,不同加筋高度的加筋板破坏模式均为板格屈曲。不同失效模式下,加筋板的载荷位移曲线也呈现出不同的趋势。结论 加筋柔度与甲板柔度二者之间的数量关系会导致加筋板呈现出不同的失效模式,此时二者对加筋板极限承载能力的影响规律会有所不同。此外,在设计阶段,需保证加筋与甲板的刚度匹配,避免出现材料利用率过低的现象。     

基于平均法的金属橡胶隔振器非线性振动特性研究

目的研究金属橡胶隔振系统的非线性振动特性和机理。方法建立该金属橡胶隔振系统的非线性动力学模型,利用平均法推导出系统的自由振动运动方程和在简谐激励下的受迫振动幅频响应方程,通过数值计算分析影响隔振系统位移传递率的因素。随后设计一种结构紧凑的金属橡胶隔振器,通过静压试验得到加载卸载迟滞回线,利用拟合方法建立金属橡胶的指数型刚度模型。该模型在相同拟合效果下参数较少,将指数型非线性刚度模型代入到振动方程中进行求解,得到理论幅频响应曲线。同时,进行金属橡胶隔振系统的正弦扫频试验,得到不同振动幅值下的实测传递率幅频响应,与理论计算结果进行对比。结果拟合参数与系统的振动特性相关,拟合参数k_(1)越大,系统共振频率越低,拟合参数k_(2)越大,系统共振频率越高。理论计算与试验结果共振频率的误差最大为2.1%,放大倍数最大误差为17.1%。该理论方法可以较为准确地计算出隔振系统的共振频率、共振放大倍数以及非线性振动的跳跃现象。结论该方法可以较为准确地通过金属橡胶隔振器的静压试验数据预估出金属橡胶隔振系统的非线性振动特性,对于金属橡胶隔振设计具有一定的应用价值。     

舰船通信系统电磁兼容设计分析

水面舰船综合通信系统集成度高、功能强大、系统各指标相互关联,因此进行通信系统电磁兼容设计有相当的技术难度,本文为保证舰船综合通信系统多频段、多业务、多电台正常协调地工作,提供了电磁兼容设计的方法。     

A CFD based explosion risk analysis methodology using time varying release rates in dispersion simulations

A full probabilistic Explosion Risk Analysis (ERA) is commonly used to establish overpressure exceedance curves for offshore facilities. This involves modelling a large number of gas dispersion and explosion scenarios. Capturing the time dependant build up and decay of a flammable gas cloud size along with its shape and location are important parameters that can govern the results of an ERA. Dispersion simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are generally carried out in detailed ERA studies to obtain these pieces of information. However, these dispersion simulations are typically modelled with constant release rates leading to steady state results. The basic assumption used here is that the flammable gas cloud build up rate from these constant release rate dispersion simulations would mimic the actual transient cloud build up rate from a time varying release rate. This assumption does not correctly capture the physical phenomena of transient gas releases and their subsequent dispersion and may lead to very conservative results. This in turn results in potential over design of facilities with implications on time, materials and cost of a project.In the current work, an ERA methodology is proposed that uses time varying release rates as an input in the CFD dispersion simulations to obtain the fully transient flammable gas cloud build-up and decay, while ensuring the total time required to perform the ERA study is also reduced. It was found that the proposed ERA methodology leads to improved accuracy in dispersion results, steeper overpressure exceedance curves and a significant reduction in the Design Accidental Load (DAL) values whilst still maintaining some conservatism and also reducing the total time required to perform an ERA study.     

两株降解芘的分枝杆菌的筛选鉴定及降解性能

为获得芘降解细菌,从中国南方地区采集了受PAHs严重污染的土壤与污泥样品.利用平板升华法,分离到2个菌株W52和W74.经形态观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA的序列分析,2个菌株被鉴定为分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium sp.).在含芘膜的固体平板上培养,W52和W74在23d中降解芘分别达到13.2Iμg和11.8μg.在含芘50mg·L-1和lOOmg·L-1的无机盐液体中培养,2d时W52的芘降解率达57.8%和20.5%.W74达19.2%和4.O%;随着培养时间的延长,芘降解率不断提高;在第10ci时W52的芘降解率分别达到96.3%和82.3%,W74达83.8%和64·5%.在固体和液体条件下降解芘的结果表明,W52降解芘的能力强于W74.鉴于W52和W74末端双加氧化酶中编码a大亚基的nida基因存在明显差异,推断二者降解芘的能力不同与它们的末端双加氧酶有关.     

Modeling of explosion dynamics in vessel-pipe systems to evaluate the performance of explosion isolation systems

Explosion isolation systems provide critical protection for interconnected vessels and work areas, preventing the spread of explosions through interconnecting pipes and ducts. These systems not only prevent propagating events, but also mitigate the elevated explosion hazards of interconnected vessels, related to pressure piling and enhanced turbulence. Explosion isolation systems can, however, fail catastrophically when they are not properly designed for a use case.Evaluating the performance of explosion isolation systems includes assessing their pressure resistance, flame-barrier efficacy, and determining appropriate installation distances, which typically requires extensive testing. To predict the performance of a system for use cases outside the tested conditions, models are needed to reliably predict both the explosion dynamics and the isolation system response.In this study, a physics-based model for explosion dynamics in vented vessel-pipe systems is developed and validated. An extensive series of large-scale validation experiments were conducted, including tests using an 8 m³ vessel with attached pipes, varying the pipe dimensions, ignition location, and mixture reactivity. The model accurately captures the effects of experimental parameters and predicts the time available for isolation systems to form a flame barrier. This model can help to predict installation distances and reduce the number of tests needed to comprehensively evaluate explosion isolation systems and their use cases.     

含预制缺陷PLA蜂窝加筋结构承载力分析

目的 分析不同加筋构型及预制缺陷形式对蜂窝加筋结构抗弯承载能力的影响。方法 以热塑性PLA为基材,通过增材制造技术,制备含预制缺陷蜂窝加筋结构试件,考虑缺陷的长度、数量、深度、方向等因素,采用三点弯曲实验方式,并结合有限元仿真结果进行综合分析。结果 实验得到了结构的位移-荷载关系及破坏情况。线弹性变形阶段,实验与仿真拟合良好,该阶段内,六边构型PLA蜂窝加筋曲板结构承载能力整体优于正六边结构,但后者在后屈曲阶段的残余承载能力更好,且更不易发生断裂。相较于缺陷长度,缺陷深度和缺损肋壁数量对结构承载力的影响更为显著。缺陷方向越趋近宽度方向,结构承载能力越低。结论 实际工程中,应尽可能避免结构中间承载位置处横向加筋肋壁出现缺损,并充分利用正六边与内六边构型蜂窝加筋结构各自的承载优点。     

盾构切削桩引起的桩基承载特性变化及可行性研究

为分析兰州地铁盾构隧道穿越既有桥梁工程方案的可行性,采用有限元数值模拟,研究盾构施工切削桩引起的桩基承载特性变化,分析盾构切削桩基前后桩体轴力、侧摩阻力和弯矩变化,探讨地表及桩基的位移变化.结果表明:直接切削桩将导致桩顶荷载重分布,隧道两侧1,4号桩桩顶荷载增大且增大19.3％ ～26.7％,而切断桩荷载减小且减小25...