渣油-水乳化液作为路面抑尘剂的研究

为了有效抑制汽车运输路面的扬尘,选择低浓度渣油－水乳化液作为抑尘剂,通过在实验室大量的试验,掌握一组渣油乳化的最佳配方及其制备工艺,即渣油３％－６％,乳化剂约０．５％,水９３．５％－９６．５％,制备温度〉７０℃经过室内和现场大规模试验表明,当路面喷洒量达到２．２ｋｇ／ｍ＾２时,其有效抑尘时间达到１０ｄ以上,并且在一定程度起到养路的作用,长期使用可取得显著的综合经济效益。     

Interactions between energy consumption,international trade,and real income in Canada: An empirical investigation from a new version of the Solow growth model

This study investigates the empirical relationship between energy consumption, international trade, and real income in Canada which has an important role in global energy and trade. It employs bound tests to level relationships and conditional error correction models through ARDL specification to a new version of the Solow Growth model. Using annual data of the 1960–2010 period, results reveal a long-term relationship between energy consumption, international trade, and real income in Canada. It is also found that energy exporting activity is the determinant (driver) of energy consumption through the channel of real income and energy consumption is the determinant (driver) of exports through the channel of real income in the long term of the Canadian economy. Exports and energy use are the determinants (drivers) of real income in the long term of the Canadian economy; therefore, as conditional Granger causality tests suggest there is feedback relationship between energy consumption, international trade, and real income in the long term of the Canadian economy. The present study suggests that any energy conservation policies are likely to have negative influence on output and international trade in Canada.     

高强与高性能混凝土的收缩与开裂

高强与高性能混凝土胶结料用量较多,砂率较大,粗骨料用量相对较少,因此若处理不妥易出现混凝土早期开裂现象.通过圆环法试验,研究分析高强与高性能混凝土易于开裂的原因及主要影响因素,对商品泵送混凝土配合比的优化提出了建议.同时采用不同的混凝土收缩变形公式进行计算并将计算值与试验值进行了对比,探讨了适合于高强与高性能混凝土收缩变形的实用计算公式.     

环境工程与试验技术发展动态综述

环境适应性作为装备的质量特性之一越来越受到重视,而随着技术的进步,环境试验方法也得到了飞速的发展。本文对环境工程和试验技术的发展历程进行了回顾,并对环境试验的发展趋势进行了展望。     

水中紫外吸光度与COD的相关性

通过对地表水、生活污水和工业废水样品的紫外吸光度与化学需氧量（或高锰酸盐指数）测定值进行线性回归分析,得出不同类型水体的紫外吸光度与化学需氧量（或高锰酸盐指数）之间具有良好的相关性,在一定条件下,可利用测定的紫外吸光度推算出化学需氧量（或高锰酸盐指数）结果。     

多效唑对水生生物的急性毒性评价研究

本文以斜生栅藻、大型水蚤和草鱼为试验生物,研究植物生长调节剂多效唑对水生生物的急性毒性效应。多效唑对斜生栅藻EC_(50)-96h为20.62mg/l;对大型水蚤LC_(50)-48h为21.86mg/h;对草鱼苗静态生物检测结果为LC_(50)—120h 16.33mg/l,流水生物检测结果为LC_(50)-96h 14.36mg/l,LC_(50)-120h 9.13mg/l。经多效唑处理后,藻的细胞形态也发生明显改变。根据农药的实验室毒性评价划分标准,多效唑对三种生物的毒性均属低毒;田间安全性预评价的结果也表明其毒性为低毒,故认为多效唑是一种对水生生物危害较小的农药。但其慢性毒性及长期积累效应,尚有待进一步研究。     

侧柏、香樟枝叶挥发物对人体生理的影响

利用多导电生理技术手段,采用与情绪有较大关系的最常见的生理指标为因变量,从嗅觉的角度研究侧柏和香樟两种常见绿化树种的挥发物对人体的影响,结果表明：嗅闻侧柏（Platycladus orientalis（L）Franco）挥发物后人体手指温度极显著升高,人体血氧含量略有增加,平均心率、心电RR间期值显著降低;嗅闻香樟（Cinnamomum camphora（L）Presl）气味后人体手指温度、血氧含量显著降低,平均心率略有变化,心电RR间期值极显著升高。说明人处在侧柏环境中情绪趋于放松状态,感觉清新、舒爽、愉悦;而在香樟气味环境中人表现出紧张、不快,甚至长时间在这样的环境中会产生厌恶情绪。研究结果有助于从植物保健功能指导人居、游憩环境中绿化树种的科学配置。     

WATER USE CONFLICT NEAR MADISON,NEBRASKA1

ABSTRACT: Nebraska statutes give first preference for use of ground water to domestic purposes, second to agriculture, and third to manufacturing or industrial purposes. Rapid growth in the number of irrigation wells has caused an increasing number of water use conflicts. One such conflict arose from the installation and use of an irrigation well near Madison in Madison County, Nebraska. Pumping from the irrigation well coincided with head declines in nearby domestic wells screened in the same sand and gravel, but appeared unrelated to water level changes in wells screened in a higher saturated sand. A drawdown-recovery test was performed to determine the degree of hydraulic connection between the wells involved. Operation of the irrigation well was determined to be the cause of the head decline in nearby domestic wells screened in the same sand and gravel. Partly as a result of this conflict, legislation recently introduced into the state legislature would require that wells of higher preference be “reasonably” constructed if wells of lower preference are to be held liable for head loss.     

土壤中重金属检测样品前处理技术现状分析

土壤中重金属检测样品前处理是一个复杂且关键的步骤,对最终分析结果有重要的影响。文章对目前主要采用湿法消解(盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸、王水/王水回流、反王水)、干灰化法消解与微波消解技术及其现状进行介绍,指出其各自的优势与存在问题,为土壤中重金属检测样品前处理技术的进一步探索研究提供参考。     

Experimental investigation of the effect of occupant characteristics on contemporary seat belt payout behavior in frontal impacts

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of the occupant characteristics on seat belt force vs. payout behavior based on experiment data from different configurations in frontal impacts.

Methods: The data set reviewed consists of 58 frontal sled tests using several anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and postmortem human subjects (PMHS), restrained by different belt systems (standard belt, SB; force-limiting belt, FLB) at 2 impact severities (48 and 29 km/h). The seat belt behavior was characterized in terms of the shoulder belt force vs. belt payout behavior. A univariate linear regression was used to assess the factor significance of the occupant body mass or stature on the peak tension force and gross belt payout.

Results: With the SB, the seat belt behavior obtained by the ATDs exhibited similar force slopes regardless of the occupant size and impact severities, whereas those obtained by the PMHS were varied. Under the 48 km/h impact, the peak tension force and gross belt payout obtained by ATDs was highly correlated to the occupant stature (P =.03, P =.02) and body mass (P =.05, P =.04), though no statistical difference with the stature or body mass were noticed for the PMHS (peak force: P =.09, P =.42; gross payout: P =.40, P =.48). With the FLB under the 48 km/h impact, highly linear relationships were noticed between the occupant body mass and the peak tension force (R² = 0.9782) and between the gross payout and stature (R² = 0.9232) regardless of the occupant types.

Conclusions: The analysis indicated that the PMHS characteristics showed a significant influence on the belt response, whereas the belt response obtained with the ATDs was more reproducible. The potential cause included the occupant anthropometry, body mass distribution, and relative motion among body segments specific to the population variance. This study provided a primary data source to understand the biomechanical interaction of the occupant with the restraint system. Further research is necessary to consider these effects in the computational studies and optimized design of the restraint system in a more realistic manner.