污染农田土壤修复产业发展面临的问题及建议

随着经济的发展,我国的农业建设也迎来了新的发展机遇,但是目前我国的农业发展过程中存在着严重的土壤污染问题,污染农田土壤修复的问题有待解决。本文围绕污染农田土壤修复这一问题展开研究,望有所助益。     

BIM技术在钢结构建筑抗震减灾管理中的应用

为提高钢结构建筑抗震减灾性能,降低建筑坍塌风险,研究BIM技术在钢结构建筑抗震减灾管理中的应用方法是非常必要的.利用BIM技术在钢结构建筑整体建造中的动态建模、可视化、信息共享管理以及抗震减灾性能检测等优势,在建筑抗震减灾管理决策阶段,选出最优方案,针对方案中影响建筑抗震减灾性能风险制定管理策略;在设计阶段,创建三维建...     

Energy-Based Land Use Predictors of Proximal Factors and Benthic Diatom Composition in Florida Freshwater Marshes

The Landscape Development Intensity index (LDI), which is based on non-renewable energy use and integrates diverse land use activities, was compared to other measures of LU (e.g., %agriculture, %urban) to determine its ability for predicting benthic diatom composition in freshwater marshes of peninsular Florida. In this study, 70 small, isolated herbaceous marshes located along a human disturbance gradient (generally agricultural) throughout peninsular Florida were sampled for benthic diatoms and soil and water physical/chemical parameters (i.e., TP, TKN, pH, specific conductance, etc.). Landscape measures of percent agriculture, percent urban, percent natural, and LDI index values were calculated for a 100 m buffer around each site. The strongest relationships using Mantel's r statistic, which ranges from −1 to 1, were found between benthic diatom composition, the combined soil and water variables, and LDI scores (r=0.51, P<0.0001). Although similar, soil and water variables alone (r=0.45, P<0.0001) or with percent agriculture or percent natural were not as strongly correlated (both Mantel's r=0.46, P<0.0001). Little urban land use was found in the areas surrounding the study wetlands. Diatom data were clustered using flexible beta into 2 groups, and stepwise discriminant analysis identified specific conductance, followed by LDI score, soil pH, water total phosphorus, and ammonia, as cluster-separating variables. The LDI explained slightly more of the variation in species composition than either percent agriculture or percent natural, perhaps because the LDI can combine disparate land uses into a single quantitative value. However, the ecological significance of the difference between land use metrics and diatom composition is controvertible, and additional tests including more varied land uses appear warranted.     

The Influence of Linear Elements on Plant Species Diversity of Mediterranean Rural Landscapes: Assessment of Different Indices and Statistical Approaches

This paper mainly aims to study the linear element influence on the estimation of vascular plant species diversity in five Mediterranean landscapes modeled as land cover patch mosaics. These landscapes have several core habitats and a different set of linear elements -habitat edges or ecotones, roads or railways, rivers, streams and hedgerows on farm land- whose plant composition were examined. Secondly, it aims to check plant diversity estimation in Mediterranean landscapes using parametric and non-parametric procedures, with two indices: Species richness and Shannon index.Land cover types and landscape linear elements were identified from aerial photographs. Their spatial information was processed using GIS techniques. Field plots were selected using a stratified sampling design according to relieve and tree density of each habitat type. A 50×20 m² multi-scale sampling plot was designed for the core habitats and across the main landscape linear elements. Richness and diversity of plant species were estimated by comparing the observed field data to ICE (Incidence-based Coverage Estimator) and ACE (Abundance-based Coverage Estimator) non-parametric estimators.The species density, percentage of unique species, and alpha diversity per plot were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in linear elements than in core habitats. ICE estimate of number of species was 32% higher than of ACE estimate, which did not differ significantly from the observed values. Accumulated species richness in core habitats together with linear elements, were significantly higher than those recorded only in the core habitats in all the landscapes. Conversely, Shannon diversity index did not show significant differences.     

浅谈乌鲁木齐市建筑施工噪声污染趋势及分析

由于建筑施工是能够产生很大噪声的生产建设活动,因此必然会给居民的工作与生活带来很多不便。目前噪声污染逐渐成为环境保护中的一个重要议题。本文对乌鲁木齐市建筑施工噪声污染趋势进行分析,并提出具有针对性的对策和措施。     

基于Access的海原特大地震黄土地震滑坡数据库的构建

自2016年以来,防灾科技学院对1920年海原特大地震形成的黄土地震滑坡开展了全面系统的野外调查工作,获取了数百个黄土地震滑坡的详细调查资料,为便于资料的管理和应用,建立了首个海原特大地震黄土地震滑坡数据库系统.主要从资料来源、access 2019软件系统的可行性、数据库的设计及建设4个方面详细介绍了海原特大地震黄土...     

生态足迹理论对生态城市建设的启示

介绍了生态足迹理论基本概念和计算模型,并运用该模型,对上海市生态足迹进行了计算和分析。在此基础上探讨了生态足迹理论对生态城市建设的启示,提出应在不降低人们生活水平的前提下,减少生态足迹,提高城市的可持续发展能力。     

施工工地出口附近道路交通扬尘排放特征研究

为了量化施工工地附近社会道路因施工运输车辆带泥及遗撒造成的二次交通扬尘,对4个典型工地出口2个方向社会道路尘负荷进行了采样分析,根据AP-42交通扬尘排放模型,计算和分析了工地出口附近道路交通扬尘排放特征.结果表明,工地出口附近道路尘负荷高于正常道路,随着距离工地出口长度的增加,尘负荷逐渐减小;工地出口2个方向共400 m道路上交通扬尘PM₁₀排放因子为正常道路的2～10倍,因施工增加的排放量相当于422～3?800 m正常道路排放.根据以上结果,结合2002年北京市施工工地时空分布数据,经计算得出,2002年北京市城八区工地出口形成的二次扬尘相当于增加了道路总长度的59%.     

北方农牧交错带土地利用及景观格局变化特征

基于1988,1995和2000年3期Landsat TM数据,采用遥感,GIS和景观生态学方法,运用土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局分析软件Fragstats3.3,对北方农牧交错带土地利用及景观格局变化进行了动态研究.结果表明:①减少的耕地主要转为草地,增加的耕地也主要源于开垦草地;②耕地转为草地的空间分布较均匀,草地转为耕地的区域差异明显;③1988—1995年和1995—2000年2个时段参加变化的土地数量差异显著;④增加的沙地主要源于草地退化;⑤景观异质性上升,结构趋向均衡化,稳定性增强,受人类干扰程度在加大.      

建筑垃圾渗滤液实验室模拟研究

利用垃圾柱在实验室模拟降雨条件下,对建筑垃圾渗滤液的产生量、pH、TOC、COD、Cl-、SO42-、可溶性Fe、总硬度等指标进行了长达440d的连续监测,分析了各指标的变化趋势,讨论了渗滤液可能对填埋场(或堆场)周边环境可能造成的危害。结果表明,建筑垃圾渗滤液在填埋3a后,除总硬度外,其它指标均可达到地下水及地表水Ⅲ类标准,如注意填埋场的选址,仅需对填埋场初期渗滤液进行处理即可直接排放。