震时有毒有害气体泄漏危险性分析模型的研究

进行了震时有毒有害气体泄漏危险性分析模型研究。简述了传统的评估方法,并指出了其不足。通过对有毒物质毒性分级、泄漏危险参数定义以及泄漏概率的计算分析,并配合易损性矩阵,确定了最大可能泄漏点。     

Clinical significance of persistent amniotic fluid leakage after genetic amniocentesis

Chronic amniotic fluid leakage is a rare complication of genetic amniocentesis. Pregnancy outcomes in two such patients are presented and six previous cases reviewed. Although chorioamnionitis has not been reported, potentially serious complications may occur including an increased risk for pre-term delivery and fetal skeletal deformity. While conservative management of post-amniocentesis amniotic fluid leakage is advocated, patients should be advised of these risks.     

定日镜的风压分布与脉动特性

定日镜结构的形体特殊,不同于普通的建筑结构.采用表面测压技术对定日镜模型进行了三维风荷载风洞试验,得到了各测点风向角0°～180°范围内,竖向角为0°～90°情况下,镜面平均风压和脉动风压的分布,重点探讨了镜面脉动风压特性.研究结果表明脉动风荷载功率谱变化受湍流风速和旋涡脱落的影响,并与斯托哈罗数有关;镜面正反两侧脉动风压主要呈正相关特性,在顺风向情况下相关系数较小,横风向情况下相关系数较大;风向角及竖向转角较小时,脉动风压更好地符合高斯分布.     

BLEVE火球热辐射及其影响评价模型介绍

高压液化易燃、易爆化学品储罐易发生BLEVE,引起热辐射,会造成周围人员伤亡和设备损坏.介绍了BLEVE火球热辐射及其影响模型,通过该模型可以计算BLEVE火球的尺寸、持续时间、升空高度、热辐射通量及预测暴露在BLEVE火球热辐射通量下人的致死概率.     

BIVARIATE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF FLOODS USING COPULAS1

Abstract: Bivariate flood frequency analysis offers improved understanding of the complex flood process and useful information in preparing flood mitigation measures. However, difficulties arise from limited bivariate distribution functions available to jointly model the correlated flood peak and volume that have different univariate marginal distributions. Copulas are functions that link univariate distribution functions to form bivariate distribution functions, which can overcome such difficulties. The objective of this study was to analyze bivariate frequency of flood peak and volume using copulas. Separate univariate distributions of flood peak and volume are first fitted from observed data. Copulas are then employed to model the dependence between flood peak and volume and join the predetermined univariate marginal distributions to construct the bivariate distribution. The bivariate probabilities and associated return periods are calculated in terms of univariate marginal distributions and copulas. The advantage of using copulas is that they can separate the effect of dependence from the effects of the marginal distributions. In addition, explicit relationships between joint and univariate return periods are made possible when copulas are employed to construct bivariate distribution of floods. The annual floods of Tongtou flow gauge station in the Jhuoshuei River, Taiwan, are used to illustrate bivariate flood frequency analysis.     

MULTIFRACTAL SCALING OF DAILY RUNOFF TIME SERIES IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS1

Abstract: Multifractal scaling behavior of long-term records of daily runoff time series in 32 subwatersheds covering a wide range of sizes was examined. These subwatersheds were associated with four agricultural watersheds with different climates and topography. The empirical moment scaling curves obtained using the trace moment method showed that the runoff time series exhibited a multifractal behavior, which was valid over a time scale range from one day to about three years. The multi-fractal scaling of the runoff time series was well described by the Universal Multifractal Model. The spectral analysis (β < 1) and the order of fractional integration (H ⋍; 0) indicated that the runoff time series were conservative. The multifractal parameters, α (multifractal index) and C₁ (co-dimension), were reasonably close to each other for subwatersheds within each of the watersheds and were generally similar among the four watersheds. The α values of the four watersheds were 1.10 ± 0.13, 1.61 ± 0.06,1.61 ± 0.24, and 1.63 ± 0.19. The C₁ values of four watersheds were 0.19 ± 0.01, 0.17 ± 0.01, 0.17 ± 0.04, and 0.11 ± 0.02. The multifractal analyses provided useful insight into the runoff time series, especially the occurrence and distribution of extreme events.     

毒气泄漏伤害区域评估系统研究与开发

依据高斯模型瞬间泄漏原理,以Visual Basic 6.0和Oracle 8i为开发工具,建立了一个毒气瞬间泄漏后伤害区域的评估系统.该系统根据有毒气体泄漏时的各条件参数,按照高斯模型将毒气浓度视为时间和位置的函数,参考中毒人员在毒气中的暴露时间,计算出中毒人员毒气吸入量,并以该吸入量为标准,该系统将毒气泄漏后的影响区域划分为致死区、重伤区和致伤区.系统输出的结果为二维的伤害区域的边界,使其计算结果科学、直观和实用.     

模拟评估法在液氨泄漏事故后果预测中的应用

结合安徽某公司生产工艺的实际,对其液氨储罐区进行了危险性分析和重大危险源的辨识,并利用事故模拟评估技术,对液氨泄漏事故进行了模拟预测。研究结果表明：在风速为2.7m/s,大气稳定度级别为中性的条件下,持续泄漏半小时后,下风向的扩散范围将达到129.47m,方向上的扩散距离达到8.47m,毒害面积为1722.55m2,在该范围内人吸入氨气5～10min将会死亡。该研究为安全评价提供参考并为政府企业制定安全应急预案提供定量科学数据。     

CFD方法对突发性化学事故中危险物质泄漏范围的确定

简要分析了目前国内主要用于预测易燃易爆(有毒)物质发生泄漏事故后浓度扩散范围的计算方法。并介绍了国际上比较成熟的计算流体力学相关软件的数学模型及特点和边界条件的设置。针对液氨发生泄漏后氨气在一定大气环境条件下扩散的过程和特征,建立了相应的数学模型并设置了边界条件,通过数值计算得到氨气在水平方向风速环境下在三维空间内浓度分布规律。通过分析氨气扩散后爆炸浓度下限范围,探讨了如何设置警戒区的方法。最后分析了将计算流体力学方法应用于确定易燃易爆(有毒)物质泄漏后浓度范围的前景与不足。     

A COMPARISON OF SOME DYNAMIC,LINEAR AND POLICY ITERATION METHODS FOR RESERVOIR OPERATION1

Within the past few years, a number of papers have been published in which stochastic mathematical programming models, incorporating first order Markov chains, have been used to derive alternative sequential operating policies for a multiple purpose reservoir. This paper attempts to review and compare three such mathematical modeling and solution techniques, namely dynamic programming, policy iteration, and linear programming. It is assumed that the flows into the reservoir are serially correlated stochastic quantities. The design parameters are assumed fixed, i.e., the reservoir capacity and the storage and release targets, if any, are predetermined. The models are discrete since the continuous variables of time, volume, and flow are approximated by discrete units. The problem is to derive an optimal operating policy. Such a policy defines the reservoir release as a function of the current storage volume and inflow. The form of the solution and some of the advantages, limitations and computational efficiencies of each of the models and their algorithms are compared using a simplified numerical example.