建筑垃圾资源化处置技术及装备综述

介绍了国内外有关建筑垃圾资源化处置的相关工艺,并从分选除杂、破碎、筛分、整形强化四方面总结了建筑垃圾资源化处置技术与装备,分析其性能特点及应用范围,为我国相关工艺技术及装备的发展提供参考和借鉴。     

工业和建筑固体废弃物再生研究

为了减轻我国的工业/建筑固体废弃物的污染压力,通过对工业和建筑固体废物、粉煤灰、水泥以及外加剂的组合配比实验,优化制作具有轻质高性能的混凝土建筑砌块的方法,并对所研制的混凝土砌块的强度和导热性能进行了测试,最终结果显示砌块性能良好。预计此类复合建筑材料可以在未来的市政建筑中发挥应有的作用。     

改性植被混凝土基材力学与植生试验研究

为探明羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)与麦秸秆纤维对植被混凝土基材力学与植生性能的影响,通过直剪试验、植生试验研究了改性后植被混凝土基材(简称改性基材)的抗剪性能与黑麦草生长性能.结果 表明:①改性基材的剪切强度随CMC掺量的增加呈先增后减的变化趋势,0.5％CMC掺量时基材的剪切强度出现峰值,而随纤维掺量的增加改性基材剪切强...     

基于改进的YOLOv4安全帽佩戴检测研究

为了加强建筑工人佩戴安全帽情况的检测,防止安全事故的发生,提出1种改进的轻量级YOLOv4安全帽佩戴检测算法,用于运行在移动设备端,降低现场部署的条件;制作1个8 000幅图像的数据集,用于训练和评估安全帽检测算法;为了评估改进的YOLOv4的性能,从5个不同建筑工地采集到600张施工人员图像和60条施工视频作为验证集;根据建筑工地不同的视觉条件对图像进行分类,用于验证本文算法在不同外界环境下的性能。结果表明:改进后的模型检测速度是YOLOv4的3.4倍,可用于实时检测施工人员在不同施工现场条件下是否佩戴安全帽的情况,有利于提高安全检查和监督水平。     

Mechanical performance and capillary water absorption of sewage sludge ash concrete (SSAC)

Disposal of sewage sludge from waste water treatment plants is a serious environmental problem of increasing magnitude. Waste water treatment generates as much as 70 g of dry solids per capita per day. Although one of the disposal solutions for this waste is through incineration, still almost 30% of sludge solids remain as ash. This paper presents results related to reuse of sewage sludge ash in concrete. The sludge was characterised for chemical composition (X-ray flourescence analysis), crystalline phases (X-ray diffraction analysis) and pozzolanic activity. The effects of incineration on crystal phases of the dry sludge were investigated. Two water/cement (W/C) ratios (0.55 and 0.45) and three sludge ash percentages (5%, 10% and 20%) per cement mass were used as filler. The mechanical performance of sewage sludge ash concrete (SSAC) at different curing ages (3, 7, 28 and 90 days) was assessed by means of mechanical tests and capillary water absorption. Results show that sewage sludge ash leads to a reduction in density and mechanical strength and to an increase in capillary water absorption. Results also show that SSAC with 20% of sewage sludge ash and W/C = 0.45 has a 28 day compressive strength of almost 30 MPa. SSAC with a sludge ash contents of 5% and 10% has the same capillary water absorption coefficient as the control concrete; as for the concrete mixtures with 20% sludge ash content, the capillary water absorption is higher but in line with C20/25 strength class concretes performance.     

Balancing durability and environmental impact in concrete combining low-grade recycled aggregates and mineral admixtures

This paper investigated the effect of various amounts of low-grade recycled aggregates in concrete containing mineral admixtures at three different water-binder ratios on mechanical and environmental performance. The balance between durability and environmental impact for a given strength level similar to normal-use concrete was also examined using analytic hierarchy process. Results showed that increasing the water-binder ratio and volume of recycled aggregates reduced compressive strength and increased air permeability and drying shrinkage relative to normal aggregates. However, compared to normal-use concrete similar or better performance could be achieved, which was attributed to improvement of low-grade recycled aggregate performance when combined with fly ash. Similarly, CO₂ emissions and volume of raw materials were lower than the normal-use concrete for all mixes. Concrete mixes with low air permeability and low CO₂ footprint had the best balance of durability and environmental impact, as decreasing raw material volume tended to more greatly reduce durability.     

黄土高原不同植被带人工刺槐林土壤团聚体稳定性及其化学计量特征

为研究黄土高原不同植被带对土壤团聚体稳定性及团聚体化学计量变化特征的影响,本研究选取黄土高原不同植被带人工刺槐林地土壤为研究对象,分析了不同粒径团聚体含量,团聚体化学计量及稳定性指标.结果表明, 2 mm和0. 25～2 mm粒径团聚体含量,机械团聚体的平均重量直径(E_(MWD))和机械团聚体的几何平均直径(E_(GMD))表现为森林带森林草原带草原带,而0. 053～0. 25 mm粒径团聚体含量和可蚀性因子K呈现相反的变化特点;各粒径团聚体有机碳和全氮含量在3个植被带整体表现为森林带显著高于森林草原带和草原带,而全磷含量在各植被带间无明显变化规律;有机碳和全氮含量在草原带以0. 053 mm和0. 25～2 mm粒径占绝对优势,在森林草原带以0. 053～0. 25 mm和0. 25～2 mm粒径为主,而森林带各粒径间均无显著差异;草原带和森林草原带0. 053 mm粒径全磷含量最高,而森林带全磷含量在各粒径间无显著差异;0. 053 mm和0. 053～0. 25 mm粒径团聚体C∶N值以草原带和森林草原带高于森林带,而0. 25～2 mm和 2 mm粒径在3个植被带间无显著差异;各粒径C∶P和N∶P值以森林带显著高于森林草原带和草原带.综上可见,土壤团聚体稳定性和团聚体化学计量在3个植被带间存在较大差异,团聚体稳定性和团聚体有机碳、全氮含量整体表现为森林带显著高于森林草原带和草原带.     

Waste management issues for the UK ready-mixed concrete industry

The UK government has recognised the vital contribution that the construction industry has to play in contributing towards sustainable development. While the issue of hardened concrete waste has received considerable attention, process waste arising from the manufacture of ready-mixed concrete is relatively unexplored. It is apparent that initiatives such as the landfill tax have encouraged UK ready-mixed concrete manufacturers to reduce substantially the amount of waste they produce. Environmental pressures continue to increase and ready-mixed concrete producers are being forced towards a closed loop production system.     

钢筋混凝土污水处理集水井施工的若干体会

介绍了在某钢筋混凝土污水处理集水井施工中 ,通过采取各种有效措施 ,保证水池强度和抗渗等技术指标达到设计要求。     

溶气气浮过程动力学模型的分形观

凝聚/絮凝过程中形成的絮体通常具有分形几何结构,导致絮体的密度、渗透性发生了变化,从而对于固液分离过程(沉淀、气浮和过滤)带来很大的影响。本文基于前人对于絮体分形的研究成果,建立了絮体与微气泡之间接触碰撞的动力学方程、絮体/微气泡聚集体在水中上升的分形速率方程。絮体与微气泡间的相对尺度和流态的不同会有不同的碰撞机制,相应的动力学方程式与絮体的分形维数也有不同的关系。