Bulgarian emergency response models–validation against ETEX first release

In the paper, the performance of two Bulgarian dispersion models is tested against European Tracer Experiment (ETEX) first release data base. The first one is the LED puff model which was the core of the Bulgarian Emergency Response System during all releases of ETEX. The second one is the newly created Eulerian dispersion model EMAP. These models have two important features: they are PC-oriented and they use quite a limited amount of input meteorological information. First, a number of runs with various source configurations are made on meteorological data produced by ECMWF. The aim of these runs is to verify the models’ ability to simulate reliably ETEX first release. To this end, a set of statistical criteria selected in ATMES (Atmospheric Transport Models Evaluation Study, see Klug et al., 1992 are used. The best runs for both models are obtained when the source is presented as a column towering from the ground to heights of 400–700 m. These runs took part in the second phase of ETEX (ETEX-II), the so called ATMES-type exercise where EMAP ranked ninth and LED - fourteenth among 34 models. Here, additional sets of EMAP are presented where in the first run the value of the horizontal diffusion coefficient is varied and in the other runs different meteorological data sets are tested. The results obtained from the first run show that the values of K_h=4–6×10⁴ m² s^-1 produce fields which fit experimental data best. The other sets of runs show that the higher the frequency of the meteorological data, the better the simulation. The results can be improved by linear interpolation of the meteorological parameters with time, the best fitting obtained with interpolation at each time step.     

Research Articles

The metabolism of phenanthrene was studied both in cell suspension cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and soybean (Glycine max), and in intact plants of the water mossFontinalis antipyretica. Metabolism in cell suspension cultures strongly differed between the monocotyle and the dicotyle plant. Only small amounts oftrans-phenanthrene-9,10-dihydrodiole and phenanthrene-9,10-dione were detectable in the wheat culture. Soybean cultures, in contrast demonstrated a strong turnover resulting in a 75% reduction of the initial phenanthrene concentration. Metabolites were phenanthrene-9,10-dione, not further characterized polar metabolites and bound residues. Intact plants ofFontinalis antipyretica metabolized only small amounts of phenanthrene. Data obtained from cell cultures did not provide information for the metabolic potential in intact plants. Therefore standardized tests with model systems like suspension cultures lead to inadequate assessment of the ecological risk of certain xenobiotics.     

钢筋混凝土结构抗火性能试验研究现状及存在的问题

在大量调研的基础上,从材料、结构和构件三个层次分析了目前混凝土结构抗火性能试验现状、存在的问题及解决方法。这些问题有的是关于试验标准和方法认识上存在一定争议的,有些是实验室和真实情况的不一致造成的,有些是目前技术水平限制所产生的,有些是目前试验领域缺乏研究或还没有认识到需要研究的问题,讨论了一些有价值的建议和研究方向,对今后混凝土结构抗火性能试验有借鉴意义。     

平原地区公路路基震害类型及机理分析

根据资料分析和现场调查,对平原区公路路基常见震害进行分类.结合库仑强度理论和有效应力原理分析平原区公路路基震害机理.研究表明: 地震作用引起土体中超静孔隙水压力上升、有效应力降低,从而弱化了土体的强度;水平地震力是诱发路堤、边坡破坏的因素;同水平地震力相似,竖向地震力同样会造成土体强度的削弱.最后,针对平原区公路路基震害的特点和机理,在平原区道路的选线、施工、质量控制等方面给出防治措施.     

宁夏西吉县低角高速远程黄土滑坡及其形成机理分析

地震诱发黄土滑坡是1920年宁夏海原8.5级大地震在宁夏西吉县西南部的最严重地震次生灾害,该区域内滑坡规模大、密度高、类型全,主要类型是低角度、高速、远程黄土滑坡。经对典型滑坡进行野外地面调查、黄土层位划分、黄土显微结构测试和对滥泥河左右两岸的滑坡形态进行综合分析后认为:西吉地处中国黄土高原干旱地带,黄土堆积以大孔隙发育的非饱和黄土为主,地震时突发水异常使地下水位瞬间上升、黄土中孔隙水压增高、黄土自重加大,在地震力和水动力的共同作用下,导致黄土发生液化,这是该区地震诱发黄土滑坡的综合形成机理。     

Leaching characteristics of copper flotation waste before and after vitrification

Copper flotation waste from copper production using a pyrometallurgical process contains toxic metals such as Cu, Zn, Co and Pb. Because of the presence of trace amounts of these highly toxic metals, copper flotation waste contributes to environmental pollution. In this study, the leaching characteristics of copper flotation waste from the Black Sea Copper Works in Samsun, Turkey have been investigated before and after vitrification. Samples obtained from the factory were subjected to toxicity tests such as the extraction procedure toxicity test (EP Tox), the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and the "method A" extraction procedure of the American Society of Testing and Materials. The leaching tests showed that the content of some elements in the waste before vitrification exceed the regulatory limits and cannot be disposed of in the present form. Therefore, a stabilization or inertization treatment is necessary prior to disposal. Vitrification was found to stabilize heavy metals in the copper flotation waste successfully and leaching of these metals was largely reduced. Therefore, vitrification can be an acceptable method for disposal of copper flotation waste.     

X-42钢在碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠溶液中慢拉伸时电化学噪音信号的小波分析

本文应用小波分析理论研究了X42管线钢在0.5 mol/l Na2CO3 1 mol/l NaHCO3溶液中,在-950mVSCE、-1100mVSCE阴极极化条件下,慢应变速率实验过程中的极化电流信号.结果表明,极化电流信号的低频部分代表着其发展趋势.在阴极极化时,由于阴极析氢造成的体系pH值升高,因而电流信号有逐渐增大的趋势.而且,在对SSRT过程中阴极极化电流信号进行分析时,并未发现第二类间断点.因此,对于工业腐蚀监控,是否可用出现第二类间断点来预测X-42钢在土壤中的应力腐蚀失效,还有待于进一步的研究与探讨.     

Solidification of tannery wastes

The high chromium concentrations in tannery-wastewater treatment-plant sludges, render them unsuitable for direct disposal. Therefore, one aims to fix the chromium of the tannery waste by adding different additive materials to cause solidification. The properties of the raw sludge were determined and subsequently, the sludge was mixed with cement and additives and left to solidify for 28 days. During the study, 28 different mixtures were prepared and their compressive strengths were determined. Standard elutriation tests were carried out with each solidified sample. Compressive strengths were obtained below the desired concrete strengths. Most of the pollutant parameters in eluate were under the required values.     

氧化镁脱硫回收副产品提浓试验研究

本文通过一系列的工业试验对氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫技术中的硫酸镁回收试验进行了研究，结果表明：在烟气氧含量约为14％和吸收液以明流排入塔外吸收液池再循环的情况下，自然氧化和简易强制氧化均能将MgSO4浓度提升至循环温度下的饱和或准饱和浓度；吸收液循环氧化提浓未对脱硫产生负面影响，且脱硫率相对初期有明显提高。