煤炭企业安全生产管制多方博弈研究

为研究我国煤矿企业安全生产管制效果影响因素和管制力度相对不足的问题,构建中央政府、地方政府、煤矿企业和煤矿员工四方博弈模型。模型分析结果表明:地方政府对煤炭企业的监管效果受到企业预期损失、安全生产管理成本和中央政府给予举报者的奖金额的影响。从而,可以得出结论:大多数中小煤矿企业有其自发管理的动力,地方政府监管力度较低;企业需要改进管理方法,降低管理成本,合理制定员工事故赔偿额标准,降低员工的遵守规章的难度,并适度提高对员工遵守规章行为的奖励力度,以降低员工从事不安全生产行为的概率。     

“数字化集中仓”模式下危化品仓储安全监管的演化博弈分析

针对利用数字化技术提高危化品仓储安全监管水平问题,考虑政府搭建“危化品集中式仓储中心+数字化网络监管平台”策略,基于演化博弈理论,构建危化品仓储安全监管演化博弈模型,分析建立数字化集中仓概率(本文简称“建仓概率”)对相关政府部门和危化品仓储企业行为演化规律的影响,探讨数字化集中仓模式下,危化品仓储企业合规仓储的驱动因素。研究结果表明：当建仓概率低于某临界值时,政府部门和危化品仓储企业会疏于监管违规仓储;随着建仓概率提高,政府部门和危化品仓储企业策略呈现周期性波动现象;当建仓概率很高时,虽然数字化集中仓一定程度上可提高政府监管便利性,但从长远看会使政府监管部门放松对危化品仓储安全的监管。研究结果可为政府推行数字化监管新模式和危化品仓储企业实施智能仓储管理提供一定决策支持。     

断面突然扩大巷道流场特征及局部阻力特性研究

为研究突扩巷道流场特征和局部阻力特性随壁面粗糙度的变化规律,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对实际巷道进行数值模拟,并基于流体相似理论,搭建相似比为1∶20的实验模型,使用粒子图像测速(PIV)系统等实验装置和仪器进行突扩巷道流场测试实验与局部阻力测定实验,将实验结果对模拟进行验证,根据模拟结果,对不同壁面粗糙度的突扩巷道流场特征和局部阻力特性进行分析。研究结果表明：在流场测试方面,随风速增大,突扩后涡流区长度先增大后保持不变;在局部阻力测定方面,数值模拟结果与实验测定结果相差在10%以内,随着巷道粗糙度增加,突扩巷道局部阻力系数呈非线性增大,且当突扩比为1∶2时,粗糙度分别为0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08 m的突扩巷道局部阻力系数ξ₁分别为0.373 6,0.386 3,0.395 0,0.401 6。研究结果对于新掘巷道的局部通风阻力预测工作,以及为矿井智能通风提供准确风阻参数具有重要意义。     

Local initiatives and adaptation to climate change

Climate change is expected to lead to an increase in the number and strength of natural hazards produced by climatic events. This paper presents some examples of the experiences of community-based organisations (CBOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) of variations in climate, and looks at how they have incorporated their findings into the design and implementation of local adaptation strategies. Local organisations integrate climate change and climatic hazards into the design and development of their projects as a means of adapting to their new climatic situation. Projects designed to boost the resilience of local livelihoods are good examples of local adaptation strategies. To upscale these adaptation initiatives, there is a need to improve information exchange between CBOs, NGOs and academia. Moreover, there is a need to bridge the gap between scientific and local knowledge in order to create projects capable of withstanding stronger natural hazards.     

In the aftermath of the Qa'yamat:1 the Kashmir earthquake disaster in northern Pakistan

This article explores the local impact of the catastrophic earthquake in northern Pakistan on 8 October 2005. Drawing on field research, including interviews with 40 earthquake survivors, the post-disaster analysis presented here focuses upon risk awareness and the reactions of respondents to the 7.6 magnitude earthquake that devastated areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir State, and North-West Frontier Province. The analysis provides insights into local perceptions of seismic hazard and exposure as well as survivors' priorities with regard to rebuilding and reconstruction. The article suggests that the tragedy of the devastating earthquake is entangled in a deeper knot of causal factors that are social, economic and political in nature. Rapid population growth, urbanisation, changing building styles, environmental degradation and lack of preparedness and mitigation are associated with the circumstances that place the population at risk. Remarks concerning present and future risk reduction efforts are included.     

Campaign contributions,lobbying and post‐Katrina contracts

This research explores the relationship between political campaign contributions, lobbying and post‐Hurricane Katrina cleanup and reconstruction contracts. Specifically, a case‐control study design is used to determine whether campaign contributions to national candidates in the 2000–04 election cycles and/or the employment of lobbyists and lobbying firms increased a company's probability of receiving a post‐hurricane contract. Results indicate that both a campaign contribution dichotomous variable and the dollar amount of contributions are significantly related to whether a company received a contract, but that lobbying activity was not. These findings are discussed in the context of previous research on the politics of natural disasters, government contracting and governmental and corporate deviance.     

数字经济发展与区域环境质量改善——来自省级面板数据的证据

本文基于2011—2019年我国31个省级行政区的面板数据,探究了数字经济发展对区域环境质量的影响。研究发现,总体来说,数字经济对环境质量具有显著的改善作用;数字经济对环境质量的改善作用在2014—2019年显著,在中部和西部省份显著,在环境污染程度较高的省份显著。传导机制检验表明,经济规模扩张、产业结构优化及绿色技术创新在数字经济对环境质量的作用机制中发挥中介作用。进一步分析表明,政府竞争在数字经济对环境质量的改善作用中起着负向调节作用,制度环境在数字经济对环境质量的作用机制中发挥正向调节作用。因此,应高质量地推动数字经济发展、充分发挥数字经济的环境质量改善作用、匡正地方政府的竞争行为及努力营造良好的制度环境,以改善环境质量。     

地方政府短期行为对环境管理的制约及其对策

经济体制转型期,地方政府的短期行为为给基层环境管理带来一系列负面影响,这是造成目前地方环境问题的重要因素之一。这个问题的存在,有思想、体制、管理、监督诸方面的原困,必须相应采取措施防止和克服地方政府短期行为对环境管理的制约。     

Removal of phenol by activated alumina bed in pulsed high-voltage electric field

A new process for removing the pollutants in aqueous solution-activated alumina bed in pulsed high-voltage electric field was investigated for the removal of phenol under different conditions. The experimental results indicated the increase in removal rate with increasing applied voltage, increasing pH value of the solution, aeration, and adding Fe^2＋. The removal rate of phenol could reach 72.1% when air aeration flow rate was 1200 ml/min, and 88.2% when 0.05 mmol/L Fe^2＋ was added into the solution under the conditions of applied voltage 25 kV, initial phenol concentration of 5 mg/L, and initial pH value 5.5. The addition of sodium carbonate reduced the phenol removal rate. In the pulsed high-voltage electric field, local discharge occurred at the surface of activated alumina, which promoted phenol degradation in the thin water film. At the same time, the space-time distribution of gas-liquid phases was more uniform and the contact areas of the activated species generated from the discharge and the pollutant molecules were much wider due to the effect of the activated alumina bed. The synthetical effects of the pulsed high-voltage electric field and the activated alumina particles accelerated phenol degradation.     

中国低碳城市发展影响因素分析

目前,全国各地都在开展低碳城市建设,但是由于对"低碳城市"认识的不一致,导致了各地建设水平参差不齐。本文根据低碳城市的内涵和特点,识别出19个影响我国低碳城市发展的因素,分别从城市主体水平、发展结构水平和管理水平等角度进行分类说明。通过专家咨询法和建立解释结构模型(ISM),绘制出多级递阶结构图,理顺各因素间的结构关系,阐明了影响因素间内在关联性和层次性。研究结果显示,19个影响因素分为5个层次,其中政府和低碳城市标准位于最高层次,碳排放统计次之,它们是影响我国低碳城市发展的关键因素,并对其余因素产生直接或间接的影响作用。建议现阶段在推进我国低碳城市建设过程中,根据多级递阶结构图所示,采取"自上而下"的模式。当务之急,国家应尽快制定出台《低碳城市标准》,加快开展城市碳排放统计工作,而政府作为城市主体之一,是低碳城市建设的主要推动者和政策供给者,应充分发挥其领导力,使低碳城市建设走上系统化、制度化轨道。