Towards sustainable local economic development: the UK experience

Despite a growing interest by academics and policy makers in sustainable development, there have been relatively few attempts to examine the economic development implications of adopting such policies. This is especially true at the local level, where very few studies have been undertaken. This paper attempts to remedy this situation through an investigation of strategies introduced by local authorities in the United Kingdom. Existing policies are examined and suggestions made for future policy developments.     

农牧民响应政府主导生态建设工程的外部不经济性——以江西山江湖和青海三江源为例

选择两大典型的生态建设工程,使用参与式农村评估方法,从农牧民认知的角度,旨在查明可能诱发的外部不经济性,结果表明:①山江湖区农户参与行为的直接外部不经济性易于调整,而三江源区的则很难受控调节;②山江湖区农户参与行为的潜在外部性主要受外出转产参与或就地寻找新生计来源渠道所驱动,而三江源区虽然牧民畜群结构、成年母畜比例等也受草地退化的胁迫,但它们与草地退化间的关系内生性较强;③山江湖区农户对管理行为介入所诱发的大概率外部不经济性有更为清醒的认识且能科学定性评价,而三江源区牧民转产所导致的大概率外部不经济性则很可能促使移民选择返牧;④山江湖区农户参与行为调整带来的小概率外部不经济性体现为气候变化的驱动,具有不可抗拒性,而三江源区牧民行为调整所诱发的小概率外部不经济性则受外部经济或产业引进的影响,有一定的可调控性。研究有助于弄清两大生态建设工程中农牧民参与行为所诱发外部不经济性的可比性及适应性行为调整的可借鉴性。     

Living with disasters: social capital for disaster governance

This paper explores how social networks and bonds within and across organisations shape disaster operations and strategies. Local government disaster training exercises serve as a window through which to view these relations, and ‘social capital’ is used as an analytic for making sense of the human relations at the core of disaster management operations. These elements help to expose and substantiate the often intangible relations that compose the culture that exists, and that is shaped by preparations for disasters. The study reveals how this social capital has been generated through personal interactions, which are shared among disaster managers across different organisations and across ‘levels’ within those organisations. Recognition of these ‘group resources’ has significant implications for disaster management in which conducive social relations have become paramount. The paper concludes that socio‐cultural relations, as well as a people‐centred approach to preparations, appear to be effective means of readying for, and ultimately responding to, disasters.     

环境污染责任保险地方试点政策创新与实践研究

本文在环境污染责任保险试点调研和数据分析的基础上,总结了近年来环境污染责任保险政策的实践发展趋势,发现环境污染责任保险政策具有趋于强制、投保范围明确且趋同、产品性价比提升、保险市场受政策影响波动大的显著特点,地方试点实践中面临缺少环境风险定价方案、事故预防难开展、政府部门权责不清及数据信息共享缺乏的现实困境;同时在分析环境污染责任保险贵州新一轮试点对环境污染责任保险试点困境的实践突破基础上,总结统一条款、统一风险定价、统一投承保平台的"贵州模式"。基于以上分析本文提出如下建议:进一步明确环境污染责任保险强制的上位法依据,建立全国统一的环境污染强制责任保险管理制度;根据环境风险形成全过程理论,采用"两步走"方式,平衡科学性与成本关系,建立保前风险评估—保后隐患排查标准体系;建立国家—省级—地市多层级多主体环境污染责任保险治理信息化平台。     

生态环境行业扶贫绩效量化评估方法初探:以承德市围场满族蒙古族自治县为例

2020年是决胜脱贫攻坚战的关键之年,近20多年来,生态环境部门主动发挥行业特色,开展了大量坚实有效的行业扶贫工作,科学客观地评价生态环境部门的扶贫绩效,对于生态环境部门进一步精准施策、融入并推动实现乡村振兴具有重要意义. 本文基于实地调研、专家咨询和统计数据,建立了包括生态资源保护、环境质量改善、促进特色产业发展、社会公共服务提升以及抵御风险等4类26项指标在内的生态环境行业扶贫绩效评估指标体系;采用熵值法确定指标权重,结合多元统计分析方法,以承德市围场满族蒙古族自治县（简称"围场县"）为例,对生态环境部门扶贫绩效进行了量化评估. 结果表明:①2006-2018年,承德市围场县扶贫绩效呈逐年上升的趋势,增长了68.3%,成效十分显著. ②生态环境行业扶贫在围场县的扶贫绩效主要体现在促进特色产业发展、生态资源保护以及环境质量改善等3个方面,占总绩效的81.1%. ③生态环境行业扶贫对促进生态环境质量改善与地方经济协同发展的促进作用较为显著. 在环境质量改善绩效指标上升47.1%的同时,促进特色产业发展和抵御风险能力绩效指标分别上升了90.5%和83.3%. 研究显示,生态环境行业定点扶贫对提升贫困地区持续"造血"能力具有显著促进作用,生态环境部门要主动作为,积极融入乡村振兴的全过程,进一步提升措施的针对性,在帮助贫困地区保住优质生态资源的同时,充分挖掘生态资源的经济优势,推动贫困地区巩固好脱贫成效,实现乡村振兴.      

石家庄地区气温变化和热岛效应分析

选用石家庄地区17个气象观测站40年(1961-2000年)的平均气温资料,应用气候学、气候统计中的数学方法,对该地区的气温变化状况和城市热岛效应特征进行了分析.结果表明:40年里石家庄地区气温呈上升趋势,1981年是气温升高的显著跃变点;石家庄城市热岛效应明显,40年里热岛强度平均为0.59 ℃;其平均增温率为0.006 6 ℃/a,尤其是20世纪80年代以后,热岛强度增加趋势明显,1981-2000年热岛强度平均值较1961-1980年平均值升高了0.10 ℃;石家庄市热岛强度的增加与市区已建成区面积扩大有密切的关系.      

高速公路建设对湖北省地方经济发展的影响分析

以湖北省黄黄高速公路为例，将该高速公路沿线城市与湖北省其它非高速公路沿线城市9年的国民生产总值发展情况进行比较，体现了高速公路建设对湖北省地方经济发展的促进作用，并把其促进作用产生的原因分为施工期和营运期进行了详细的分析。     

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IMPLEMENT PUBLIC POLICY RURAL COMMUNITY ACTION WITH A WATER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: This report summarizes the findings of a ten week study made by the eight member Urban and Environmental Studies Program student staff of the Rock Creek Area Community Projects Board to assist the Village in its search for funds to improve its inadequate water and sewage systems. The ten year history of the Village of Rock Creek in its previous attempts to secure funding from outside sources is summarized. An analysis of federal funding programs’criteria is developed. Recommendations and a step by step analysis of how to precure these funds by the Village Council is presented. This report highlights the ten week activity which successfully produced earmarked federal funds for the Village's water project.     

关于实行企业安全生产年审制的思考

在经济体制改革后 ,政府转变职能 ,企业转换经营机制 ,企业与政府脱钩 ,政府放权予企业 ,由企业自主经营、自负盈亏 ,企业成为独立核算的法人。按照权、责统一和管生产必须管安全、谁主管谁负责的原则 ,企业的安全生产从企业与政府共同管理转移到自主管理 ,政府及其有关主管部门从管理向监督转变 ,政府与企业的关系由隶属关系变成监督与被监督的关系。随着社会主义市场经济的进一步发展和日益完善 ,安全生产面临前所未有的新情况。在新的形势下 ,如何建立安全生产的长效机制 ,是当前安全生产亟待解决的重要课题。笔者针对安全生产监督与管理上存在的问题 ,有针对性地提出了实行企业安全生产年审制的建议 ,认为建立企业安全生产年审制是切合当前实际的安全对策 ,并对如何实施这一对策进行了初步的探讨。     

Canadian mineral policy debated : Industry reaction to a major federal initiative

The debate on mineral policy between the Canadian federal government and the mining industry is reviewed and policy-making emerges as necessarily an adversarial process. The Canadian federal system provides major obstacles to the formulation of a national mineral policy but does not exclude it. It is argued that industry should play a more pro-active part in mineral policy formulation, seeking with governments a clear hierarchical list of priorities against which discrete policy decisions can be evaluated.