Long-term thermophilic mono-digestion of rendering wastes and co-digestion with potato pulp

In this study, mono-digestion of rendering wastes and co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp were studied for the first time in continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) experiments at 55 °C. Rendering wastes have high protein and lipid contents and are considered good substrates for methane production. However, accumulation of digestion intermediate products viz., volatile fatty acids (VFAs), long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄-N and/or free NH₃) can cause process imbalance during the digestion. Mono-digestion of rendering wastes at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.5 kg volatile solids (VS)/m³ d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 50 d was unstable and resulted in methane yields of 450 dm³/kg VS_fed. On the other hand, co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp (60% wet weight, WW) at the same OLR and HRT improved the process stability and increased methane yields (500–680 dm³/kg VS_fed). Thus, it can be concluded that co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp could improve the process stability and methane yields from these difficult to treat industrial waste materials.     

软弱场地地铁车站结构地震反应的数值模拟与模型试验对比分析

根据软弱场地土上地铁车站结构大型振动台模型试验结果,以软件ABAQU S为平台,采用记忆型嵌套面黏塑性动力本构模型和动塑性损伤模型,分别模拟土体和车站结构混凝土的动力特性,建立了土-地铁车站结构非线性动力相互作用二维和三维有限元分析模型,对各种试验工况下地基土-地铁车站结构体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:二维、三维数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致,三维模型可更好地模拟软弱场地与地铁车站结构的动力相互作用及模型结构的动力反应。数值模拟结果和振动台试验结果可相互验证其可靠性。     

Effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on fish hepatoma cells treated with mercury chloride and ionizing radiation

Organisms are exposed to natural radiations from cosmic or terrestrial origins. Furthermore the combined action of radiation with various chemicals is an inevitable feature of modern life. Radiation is known to cause cell death, mainly due to its ability to produce reactive oxygen species in cells. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a well-known sulfhydryl-containing antioxidant whose role in radioprotection has been reported. Synergistic effects of radiation and mercury chloride on human cells was previously reported by the authors. Based on the previous report, this study was designed to assess the synergistic effects of radiation and mercury chloride on fish hepatoma cells, as well as to investigate the protective effects of NAC on the cells. The cytotoxicity of radiation was enhanced in the presence of mercury chloride. NAC in lower concentrations prevented cells from death after irradiation with lower doses (<300 Gy) while it did not prevent cells from radiation-induced death after irradiation with higher doses (300, 500 Gy). The intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels significantly decreased after irradiation while the combined treatment of NAC and radiation alleviated the decrease in the GSH levels. The investigations give a clue for the action mechanism of synergistic or protective effects of NAC on the cells. Due to their high resistance to ionizing radiation, the PLHC-1 cells can be effectively used as a screening tool for assessing the combined effects of radiation with toxic chemicals.     

长期低温对絮状-颗粒耦合CANON脱氮及菌群影响

在SBR反应器中探究长期低温对等污泥浓度比例絮状-颗粒(1:1～1:1.5)耦合CANON系统的脱氮效能和微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,在经历长期低温(10℃)条件下运行并回温(10→30℃)后,等比例污泥CANON系统NH₄⁺-N、TN去除率及TN去除负荷与温度变化呈正相关性,在回温30℃下运行30d后分别达到72.4%、63.0%和0.094kgN/(m³·d).氨氧化菌(AOB)和厌氧氨氧化菌(AAOB)活性与温度表现出正相关性,在回温后分别为0.025和0.049gN/(gVSS·d),分别为降温前(30℃)的83.3%和79.1%,NOB活性一直维持在较低水平(0.001gN/(gVSS·d)).高通量测序结果显示,长期低温对优势菌门无明显影响.回温后,颗粒和絮状污泥中的优势菌门分别为Ignavibacteriae和Proteobacteria;回温后系统颗粒污泥中功能菌Candidatus Brocadia、Candidatus Kuenenia(AAOB)相对丰度分别为6.017%、2.623%,其在絮状...     

大跨度偏压隧道受火损伤分析

为探明火灾对大跨度偏压隧道造成的不利影响,依托贵州省某公路隧道工程,基于ANSYS有限元软件分析不同埋深及偏压条件下大跨度隧道结构的最大损伤和相对温度损伤变化规律,并对其温度场分布和应力分布规律进行总结。结果表明:衬砌高温损伤约60 mm,温度影响深度约300 mm,内部温升过程逐渐由曲线变化转变为直线变化;最大损伤深度随偏压角度增加近似呈指数增长变化,而相对温度损伤略有减小,当偏压角度较大时,火灾将成为隧道破坏的诱导因素而非直接因素;最大损伤深度与偏压隧道埋深近似呈抛物线变化,火灾对偏压隧道影响显著,必须采取有效预防措施;随着受火时间的增加,临火侧衬砌混凝土在热膨胀及围岩约束作用下,压应力快速增加,存在较大的压溃风险。     

The ratio of clay content to total organic carbon content is a useful parameter to predict adsorption of the herbicide butachlor in soils

Thirteen soils collected from 11 provinces in eastern China were used to investigate the butachlor adsorption. The results indicated that the total organic carbon (TOC) content, clay content, amorphous Fe2O3 content, silt content, CEC, and pH had a combined effect on the butachlor sorption on soil. Combination of the data obtained from the 13 soils in the present study with other 23 soil samples reported by other researchers in the literature showed that Koc would be a poor predictive parameter for butachlor adsorption on soils with TOC content higher than 4.0% and lower than 0.2%. The soils with the ratio of clay content to TOC content (RCO) values less than 60 adsorbed butachlor mainly by the partition into soil organic matter matrix. The soils with RCO values higher than 60 apparently adsorbed butachlor by the combination of the partition into soil organic matter matrix and adsorption on clay surface.     

巨型减振结构体系风振效应的参数影响研究

巨型结构风激振动特性非常复杂,其动力性能受多种参数的影响。为合理考虑这些因素的影响,以某48层巨型钢结构为研究对象,针对无控、设置粘滞阻尼器和粘弹性阻尼器三种分析工况,系统研究了其在平均风和脉动风荷载共同作用下的动力响应。通过结构顺风向侧移响应、构件内力响应及顶层加速度响应等一系列数据,揭示了风速攻角、基本风压、附加阻尼比及二阶效应等对此类结构体系风振控制动力性能的影响规律与变化趋势,并依据分析结果对其抗风分析与设计提出了相应的建议,因而具有实用参考价值。     

关于中国铅的资源效率研究

引入铅的资源效率的概念。通过分析铅生产过程中铅的流动方向和数量,获得了铅的资源效率变化规律:铅的资源效率与铅的循环率、排放率、生命周期产量比有关。根据统计数据,估算了1990—2000年铅的资源效率平均值只有0 91t t。通过估算这一时期铅的循环率、排放率、生命周期产量比的实际数值,判定了中国铅的资源效率低下的原因:铅的循环状况较差,废铅排放严重,铅的年产量高速增长。最后,提出了现阶段改进的几点建议。      

REAL CODED GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZATION OF LONG TERM RESERVOIR OPERATION1

ABSTRACT: An optimization and simulation model holds promise as an efficient and robust method for long term reservoir operation, an increasingly important facet of managing water resources. Recently, genetic algorithms have been demonstrated to be highly effective optimization methods. According to previous studies, a real coded genetic algorithm (RGA) has many advantages over a binary coded genetic algorithm. Accordingly, this work applies an RGA to obtain the 10‐day (the traditional period of reservoir operation in Taiwan) operating rule curves for the proposed reservoir system. The RGA is combined with an effective and flexible scheme for coding the reservoir rule curves and applied to an important reservoir in Taiwan, considering a water reservoir development scenario to the year 2021. Each rule curve is evaluated using a complex simulation model to determine a performance index for a given flow series. The process of generating and evaluating decision parameters is repeated until no further improvement in performance is obtained. Many experiments were performed to determine the suitable RGA components, including macro evolutionary (ME) selection and blend‐α crossover. Macro evolution (ME) can be applied to prevent the premature problem of the conventional selection scheme of genetic algorithm. The purpose of adjusting a of a crossover scheme is to determine the exploratory or exploitative degree of various subpopulations. The appropriate rule curve searched by an RGA can minimize the water deficit and maintain the high water level of the reservoir. The results also show that the most promising RGA for this problem consists of these revised operators significantly improves the performance of a system. It is also very efficient for optimizing other highly nonlinear systems.     

1万Kva电石炉烟气的治理

介绍遵义碱厂红果化工分厂采用强制风冷器 LMC低压长袋脉冲除尘器净化1万 kVA电石炉烟气的技术.