黄海西部大气湿沉降(降水)的pH与主要酸碱离子的关系

对黄海西部的千里岩、青岛的麦岛两个降消要样点１９９７、１９９８丙年所收集的１１３个降 Ｈ＾＋、ＮＨ４＾＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｆ＾－、Ｃｌ＾－、ＮＯ３＾－、ＳＯ４＾２－共１０种离子成分的含量，分别用ＮＡ＾＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋＋ＮＨ４＾＋）／（ＮＯ３＋ｎｓａＳＯ４＾２－、ｃｍｓｓＳＯ４＾２－（ｎｓｓＳＯ４＾２－）的相关分析。结果表明：（１）以Ｍｇ＾２＋作为参考元素计算得到     

南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响及对策研究(Ⅱ)——汉江水华发生的概率分析与防治对策

为了评估南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响,根据汉江水华发生的成因和关键因子的分析结果,对汉江水华发生的概率进行了定性分析;应用水动力学模型和富营养化动力学模型以及随机模拟法对汉江水华发生的概率进行了定量计算,并提出了相应的防治对策。结果表明熏南水北调中线工程145×108m3方案实施后将增加汉江水华发生的概率,而引江济汉工程的兴建将极大地减少汉江水华发生的概率。汉江自身的水污染治理是减少水华发生概率的最根本措施。丹江口水库增加枯水期下泄流量和三峡电站减少枯水期下泄流量的联合调度将减小汉江水华发生的概率。     

我国重大活动环境空气质量监测预报评估技术体系的发展与思考

通过总结南京青年奥林匹克运动会、二十国集团领导人峰会、金砖国家领导人第九次会晤、中国国际进口博览会、第七届世界军人运动会等重大活动环境空气质量保障工作经验,简述近年来中国重大活动环境空气质量监测预报评估技术的进展以及所发挥的作用。结合城市环境精细化管控和未来我国"十四五"环境空气质量持续改进的需求,提出在监测网络、监测技术、排放清单、预测预报产品和保障机制等方面有待提升的建议。     

城市污水回用示范工程

本文阐述了城市污水回用的重要作用.介绍了国家科技攻关项目城市污水回用示范工程建设背景及概况、水质指标及效益分析.     

农业资源开发规划优化与评估方法

本文把项目评估与农业资源开发规划模型的优化结合起来,用净现值法、益本比法和内部报酬率法进行项目评估,以净现值作为规划目标进行优化规划,并试用于泗阳县黄河故道滩区荒地资源开发的评估与规划,取得了显著的效果。     

华北城市地区潜水中主要离子含量变化的反应途径模拟

近三十年来，由于污染，华北城市地区潜水中主要离子如ＣＡ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋等含量逐年升高，影响工农业生产，本采用反应途径模拟的方法对上述情况进行了研究，作共设计了７种反应途径，分别模拟了含碳酸盐或硅酸盐、铝硅酸盐较丰富地区地下水中盐效应和ＣＯ２分压升高对基主要离子含量的影响，模拟过程中考虑了２２种化学反应，３３种存在形式（包括气体、固体）。结果表明，盐效应和ＣＯ２分压升高对地下水中Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍ     

Preserving Environmental Integrity in standardised baselines: The role of additionality and uncertainty

The European Union EU project PROBASE hasexplored a range of possible multi projectstandardised benchmarks as a way ofencouraging projects under Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)by minimising transaction costs. The aim ofthis paper is to examine the environmentalintegrity of the use of standardisedbaselines and to explore the role ofadditionality. The environmental integritydepends on the uncertainty in emissionreductions, which was estimated bygenerating scenario baselines and comparingthese with the standardised baselines. Thishas allowed a comparison of selected multiproject baselines with the envelope ofuncertainty on the reductions. The projectsincluded a range of electricity supply,heat sector, cogeneration and methane(CH$_{4}$) projects in different countries. Theanalysis showed that the key uncertaintieswere in the technology fuel selection inthe baseline, the continued additionalityof the project emission reductions,uncertainties in some project emissions(e.g. spinning reserve emissions for wind)and data uncertainties. The effect on theestimation of reductions was in the range±12% to ±46% for the electricityprojects and from ±19% to ±57%for the heat and Combined Heat and Power CHP sector projects.Comparison with the envelope of uncertaintyfor the range of projects showed that multiproject electricity sector baselines whichhave been weighted or use high technologyperformance benchmarks (e.g. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD)can provide conservative estimates buttheir general nature can lead to variationsbetween countries. We would recommend thatthe country-specific context must be takeninto account so that standardised baselinesfor the electricity sector are generated onthe basis of country specificcharacteristics, the project type, andwhether it provides new or existing demand.The conservative scenario produced shouldthen be weighted. Whereas weightings havebeen applied to account for uncertaintiesor to bias towards renewables, we havesuggested a weighting factor of 25% on theelectricity baseline for large projectsbased on an analysis of the effect ofnon-additionality on emission reductionuncertainty. For heat projects, theappropriate benchmark is a technology/fuelbenchmark which is deemed relevant for theheat sector in that (part of the) country.Again we suggest that a weighted sectorbaseline is required to take account of theuncertainties. These recommendations applyto large projects only for a 10-yearcrediting lifetime.     

水环境承载力与战略环评在水电项目中的体现与研究

本文分析了水资源承载力和战略环评的相关概念,以及水利工程对环境的影响.通过对目前水电项目环境影响评价现状进行分析,指出了战略环评在水电项目中将要发挥的重要作用.并且进一步探讨了水电项目环境影响研究的趋势,为今后合理开发水电资源,促进人类社会的可持续发展提供了评价的思路.     

横门围垦对邻近海域水环境影响的数值模拟

用二维水动力数值模型,模拟了横门围垦工程对邻近海域水环境的影响。计算结果表明,工程后流速的改变幅度在-10.15～ 10.03cm/s之间,平均为-3.39cm/s。水位的改变幅度在-5.24～ 8.85cm之间,平均为-0.16cm,大潮期间落潮最大流速时水位的变化幅度,稍大于涨潮最大流速时的变化幅度。围垦工程完成后,邻近海域浅滩处的流速进一步降低,有利于促进淤积,加快浅滩成围速度,而深槽处的流速则略有提高,对河道泄洪没有太大影响。邻近海区水位低潮时将略有下降,高潮时将略有上升,但变化不大,最大不超过10cm,平均不到1cm。     

三峡工程对重庆环境的主要影响及对策建议

本文详细地叙述了三峡工程对重庆的环境影响。其影响程度尽量做到定量化,对于一时难以定量的影响也作了较详尽的说明。本文还提出了消除不利影响可能采取的对策措施,以及今后的工作建议。