水电及水库项目环境影响后评价研究

探讨了环境影响后评价的定义、必要性、相关法律依据、分类和评价重点,提出了环境影响后评价选择的原则。通过对水电和水库项目环境影响后评价的选择、难点和起步,后评价重点及其与环评和验收的区别等内容的深入研究,提出了该类项目环境影响后评价选择的若干依据和评价重点内容。     

清洁生产方案实施成效分析

清洁生产方案的质量及可实施性直接关系到企业清洁生产审核的成效。汇总江苏油田推行清洁生产审核单位实施的清洁生产方案380项,从方案的组成、分类、投资、经济效益等方面进行统计分析,阐明了多种无、低费方案,不仅资金投入的回报率高,而且投资风险少,有明显的效益。通过"节能、降耗、减污、增效"这一主导思想产生的各类清洁生产方案的实施,达到了较可观的经济、环境和社会效益。     

食品质量与安全专业课程改革实践

专业课程改革以职业实践活动为导向,以职业资格认定为目标,以工学结合为切入点,将职业学习与工作领域相统一作为改革的总体思路。食品质量与安全专业经过努力,专业课程改革建设中取得了一定的成效,至2008年已建成《食品微生物学及微生物检验》一门院级精品课。     

长江上游生态建设工程与植被覆盖时空变化的响应特征研究

"退耕还林"、"天然林保护"等重大生态建设工程在长江上游实施已有十余年,剖析重大生态建设工程实施以来长江上游植被覆盖时空变化特征与生态建设投入间的响应关系,对区内未来生态建设的布局具有重要指导意义。以年际时间序列的SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI遥感数据为基础,利用遥感及地理信息系统技术,趋势拟合等方法,研究长江上游地区2002年至2013年植被覆盖时空动态变化特征。并以县级行政区为单元,分析长江上游植被覆盖时空变化与生态建设工程投入的响应关系。结果表明:研究区内植被指数NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)整体呈现缓慢增加趋势,年均增长率为1.06%,主要体现为中等植被覆盖向高植被覆盖转化;植被覆盖增加区域远远大于植被覆盖减少区域,其中增加的区域占整个长江上游流域的86.02%,主要分布于秦巴山地以北、云贵高原以及横断山区中小起伏的山地;植被覆盖减少区域占6.09%,主要分布于汶川地震灾区以及成都,重庆、昆明等大型城市群及其周边。其次,近10 a生态建设重大工程投资对长江上游植被覆盖增长起促进作用,在研究区内有261个县级行政区具有较好的造林效率,达县级行政区总数的90%,集中分布于云贵、川陕交界处及西部高山、高原区。     

环境监察信息系统建设的项目管理研究

环境监察信息系统建设的项目管理,是指从开始确立项目需求到最终的系统投入运行,直至系统维护升级,在这个时间间隔内,围绕项目本身开展的相关活动,其目标是保障项目的顺利实施。从信息系统项目管理的角度出发,充分考虑政府项目管理的特点,就环境监察信息系统项目的规划、实施、验收、日常管理和升级等项目过程做了较为系统的分析。     

环境工艺方法论研究——利用自然法

利用自然法是开发环境工艺技术的一般方法。本文对利用自然法在环境工程工艺中的应用进行了总结,并且论述了其哲学内涵。     

Determination of haloacetic acids concentrations in hospital effluent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids(HAAs),a calss of disinfection by-products formed as a result of chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples' turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and were found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μg/L and 1.30 μg/L respectively, and the other three are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 μg/L under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid is the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

Comparison of membrane fouling during short-term filtration of aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated adopting internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor.The contradistinctive experiment about short-term membrane fouling between aerobic granular sludge system and activated sludge system were investigated.The membrane foulants was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy technique.The results showed that the aerobic granular sludge had excellent denitrification ability;the removal efficiency of TN could reach 90%.The aerobic granular sludge could alleviate membrane fouling effectively.The steady membrane flux of aerobic granular sludge was twice as much as that of activated sludge system.In addition,it was found that the aerobic granular sludge could result in severe membrane pore-blocking, however,the activated sludge could cause severe cake fouling.The major components of the foulants were identified as comprising of proteins and polysaccharide materials.     

去学水电站生态流量泄放措施优化研究

水电站的建设会造成坝址下游河段减水,对水环境和水生生物造成不利影响,因此电站生态流量的确定和泄放措施的可行性对于维护河流生态环境至关重要。以硕曲河去学水电站为例,基于可行性研究阶段提出的生态流量泄放措施方案,采用数学模型和理论分析方法,从生态流量取水水温、泄洪洞事故条件下生态流量保证率以及水资源的合理高效利用等方面进一步对生态流量泄放方案进行了优化比选。提出的优化方案提高了生态流量取水口的布置高程,在泄洪洞之外单独布置生态泄放系统,并增设生态流量发电机组等。对比分析表明,该优化方案在改善生态流量的下泄水温、提高生态流量泄放保证率、合理高效利用水能资源等方面具有较大优势。本研究为水电工程中生态流量泄放措施保障等方面提供了科学依据和技术参考。     

低概率重大事故风险与定量风险评价

论述应用定量风险评价(QRA)对评价、控制低概率重大事故风险的重要意义.介绍了低概率重大风险范畴与主要来源,QRA技术的主要用途与基本方法,研发与使用QRA计算重大风险的主要技术程序.提出了在应用QRA评价重大风险时应注意的几个主要技术问题.