徐州地区水质自动监测系统的现状及建议

本文着重介绍徐州市水质自动监测系统的组成、主要仪器工作原理等现状,揭示当前基层环境监测站建设、运行、管理中存在着的一些问题和不足,并提出相应解决方案。论文目的是为基层水质自动监测站的正常运营献策,并为环境监测站的进一步发展提出建议。     

饥饿期间增加曝气量好氧颗粒污泥的形成特点

高有机负荷率8.0kgCOD(/m3·d)条件下,通过两种不同的曝气方式研究好氧颗粒污泥的形成特点,即在反应器R1中采用恒定的曝气流量,而在反应器R2中,30min曝气后,进行沉淀和排水,然后采用较大的曝气流量进行曝气。研究发现:(1)外部基质在前30min被快速降解,其溶解性有机碳DOC基本被消耗到最低水平;(2)在中途排水后的饥饿状态下增加曝气量的反应器R2相对于曝气量一直不变且中途未排水的R1而言,颗粒变的大而疏松,即:在R2中颗粒尺寸>0.9mm占有93%,而颗粒密度均<1.016g/mL。(3)反应器R2在饥饿状态下增加曝气量可以使胞外多聚物(EPS)糖类被当作基质被消耗。     

明太祖的荒政立法

救荒是明代经济发展、社会稳定的重要措施。为了保证荒政的顺利而有效地进行,明太祖从灾害防治到灾害赈济,从赈灾官员的选用到对吏治腐败的整治,都制定了较为详细的法律条文。从这些法律条文中可以概括出明太祖的荒政立法包含以下两个方面：一、防灾与减灾中的立法;二、救灾中的立法。朱元璋通过荒政立法,一方面惩治了救灾中的腐败,提高了救灾的效率;另一方面也使灾民在自然灾害面前得到国家的救济,使社会生产力的破坏得以减轻,为明王朝的经济恢复和发展奠定了基础。     

明太祖的荒政立法

救荒是明代经济发展、社会稳定的重要措施。为了保证荒政的顺利而有效地进行,明太祖从灾害防治到灾害赈济,从赈灾官员的选用到对吏治腐败的整治,都制定了较为详细的法律条文。从这些法律条文中可以概括出明太祖的荒政立法包含以下两个方面:一、防灾与减灾中的立法;二、救灾中的立法。朱元璋通过荒政立法,一方面惩治了救灾中的腐败,提高了救灾的效率;另一方面也使灾民在自然灾害面前得到国家的救济,使社会生产力的破坏得以减轻,为明王朝的经济恢复和发展奠定了基础。     

基于三坐标测量仪测量角度及不确定度分析

通过三坐标测量仪对机械加工零件的外锥和内锥进行测量分析。对一些通用量具无法测量的角度提供准确的数值。利用不确定度评定标准公式计算出三坐标测量角度的不确定度分析。经过三坐标测量仪的先进技术改变现代通用量具的测量方法,提高通用量具无法达到的高精度测量时代,为高精度测量提供了一种新的测量手段。     

急性毒性藻红外测试中联合作用评价法的重现性

为认识藻红外联合作用评价法的稳定性,用苯(C6H6)、甲苯(C6H8)、二甲苯(C8H10)、氯苯(C6H5Cl)、三氯甲烷(CHCl3)和羊角月牙藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)进行了重现性实验,通过测试实验藻对5种药品不同组合的响应温差,用联合偏差系数法评价联合作用类型,分析药品联合毒性的重现性及联合作用评价法的评价效果。结果表明:二元组合中,重现性50%的5组,重现性75%的5组,平均重现性62.5%;三元组合中,重现性50%的1组,重现性75%的8组,重现性100%的1组,平均重现性75%;四元组合中,重现性50%的1组,重现性75%的1组,重现性100%的3组,平均重现性85%;五元组合重现性100%,混合药品总平均重现性73.1%。重现性大于阈值的组合19个,占全部26个组合的73.1%。药品组合元数增减与联合作用的重现性正相关。分析可知,藻红外联合作用评价法用于联合作用分析稳定性较好。     

Selective feeding programmes in Ethiopia and East Sudan–1985/1986

A survey of thirty-four feeding programmes in Ethiopia and East Sudan was undertaken. Wie differences were found between the two countries and also within Ethiopia. Irrelugar general ration distribution was commonplace in Ethiopia, thus placing an extra strain on selective feeding programmes. The principal admission criteria to Selected Feeding Programmes (SFPs) were weight for height categories. The cut-off stages of the emergency. Useful compasirions between programmes were hampered by such differences, as well as by the different methods of reporting data.
The types of food usd in programmes depended on availability and included high energyu drinks, poridges, take-home pre-mixes and sometimes indigenous foods. A large number of foods e.g. cornedbedef, chicken paté, noodles, da4tes etc. Some added interesting variety and added nutritional value to the diet, while others caused more problems than they solved due to their low acceptability, inappropriate packaging, limited accompanying information and complex an costly preparation. The imlementation of food dination policies by donors and consignees regarding appropriate foodstuffs and their recommended use was considered to be the major solution to this problem.     

环境水力学研究的高效率座标测量方法

本文根据系统思想,提出了一种新的用于环境水力学研究的高效率座标测量方法。经现场试验证明,该法与传统方法相比可提高工作效率数倍。     

Women and children last: An essay on sex discrimination in disasters

In general, little attention has been given to differential survival between the sexes in disasters. Consideration of physiological differences between males and females would suggest that, all things being equal, morbidity and mortality after disaster, particularly where food shortage is involved, should indicate an excess male mortality. Such statistics as exist in disasters, as in chronic underdevelopment, show that it is females and especially girl children who are at highest risk. The basis of this lies in sex discrimination which is implicit in most social systems.