芬顿与氧化钙联合处理填埋库污泥的力学特性

面对城市生活污泥填埋库容趋于饱和的现状,亟需研究开发城市生活污泥的减量化及资源化技术。以填埋库污泥和新鲜污泥为研究对象,进行岩土工程特性实验,发现填埋库污泥有机质含量及含水率远低于新鲜污泥。通过固结实验和直剪实验,分别对比、分析了未加药剂的填埋库污泥和药剂调质填埋库污泥的固结系数、渗透系数和抗剪强度变化规律。结果表明：填埋库污泥在pH为4时,芬顿试剂(硫酸亚铁和过氧化氢)的最佳配比为Fe²⁺=8%、H₂O₂=12%;当氧化钙投加量增加时,调质污泥的压缩指数减小,抗剪强度略微增大;考虑到联合处理后污泥的资源化利用、强碱性对环境的影响和处理成本,在实际污泥处理工程中,氧化钙投加量15%是较为合适的添加量,且效果优于常用的氯化铁药剂调制污泥。经芬顿与氧化钙联合处理的填埋库污泥抗剪强度满足填埋库要求,能够实现减容减量,对填埋库污泥后续资源化利用具有一定的指导意义。     

机械活性物质环境条件对产品的影响及对策

介绍了机械活性物质环境条件中的砂尘环境和影响砂尘环境的因素;分析了砂尘环境对产品的主要影响,如造成产品冲蚀和磨损,降低电子产品的性能等;最后提出了对砂尘防护的几点对策.通过分析研究,旨在为相关企业提供理论依据和技术参考,便于在产品生产过程中,注意增强产品对环境的适应性,从而提高产品的质量.     

不同工况条件混合赤泥力学特性变化规律

在利用常规土工实验和XRF、XRD、SEM等微观测试手段分析了刚出厂混合赤泥化学成分、矿物组成、微观结构的基础上,通过无侧限抗压强度实验和固结排水三轴剪切实验对自然风干、浸水饱和、非饱和-饱和干湿循环3种工况条件下混合赤泥不同龄期力学特性的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,自然风干试样的无侧限抗压强度和粘聚力要明显大于相同龄期浸水饱和试样和干湿循环试样,说明混合赤泥的强度形成与滤水过程有一定联系,且其强度的增长均主要集中在脱水龄期前70天内;混合赤泥在3种不同工况条件下无侧限抗压强度和粘聚力均有一定程度的增长,说明混合赤泥可在浸水环境下生成不可逆增长的具有水硬性的胶结矿物,使其在水环境中不发生崩解,可保证混合赤泥堆体在自然堆存过程中其力学特性满足安全堆载要求。     

金鱼藻对不同扰动方式下悬浮物的生理响应

以金鱼藻为研究对象,分析悬浮物不同扰动方式(机械扰动和曝气扰动)、扰动强度以及悬浮物浓度对沉水植物生理特性的影响。结果表明,与曝气扰动相比,机械扰动对金鱼藻生理特性影响显著,搅拌强度的增大,金鱼藻叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量和POD活性不断下降,60 r/min时下降最快,搅拌强度与POD活性显著负相关。曝气扰动在前期促进金鱼藻的生长,后期抑制其生长,曝气强度4 m3/h时,金鱼藻生理指标降低最大,曝气强度与金鱼藻生理特性相关性不显著。随悬浮物浓度升高,金鱼藻叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量先升高后下降,金鱼藻生长最适悬浮物浓度为0.4~0.8 g/L。     

城市生活垃圾机械生物处理效果

采用机械生物处理工艺研究了淋洗水解、脱水与好氧生物干燥对城市生活垃圾的处理效果。结果表明:在淋洗水解及压榨脱水机械生物处理阶段,控制淋洗液与生活垃圾重量比2:1,停留时间1.2~1.4 d条件下,生活垃圾可以减量49.7%。而过程中产生的淋滤液COD为 32 939 mg/L、pH为5.1、COD:N:P=261:5:3.6,可以进行厌氧消化处理或作为碳源进行资源化利用。在好氧生物干燥阶段,通风量采用0.08 m3/min,2~3 d堆体温度可升至73℃,7 d左右即可产出LCV高达15 000 kJ/kg左右的高品位垃圾衍生燃料(RDF),其产率为38.2%,氯元素含量低于0.5%,重金属含量较低,满足燃料要求。     

浙江省工业烟粉尘总量控制研究

通过对浙江省工业烟粉尘排放总量和排放源现状进行分析,提出工业烟粉尘减排治理对策,对工业烟粉尘4个重点行业(水泥制造行业、火力发电行业、钢铁行业(包括炼钢、钢压延加工和黑色金属铸造行业)、纺织染整行业(包括棉印染精加工、化纤织物染整精加工和棉织造加工行业)排放源的烟粉尘减排途径和潜力进行分析测算,研究提出工业烟粉尘总量控制措施和建议。     

炭黑工业烟气余热的回收及利用

对油炉法炭黑生产过程烟气的来源，组成，发生量，特性作了介绍，着重研究了炭黑烟气余热的加收及利用。结果表明，采用余热锅炉串联多级空气预热器，是目前我国炭黑烟气余热回收及利用的最佳方法，采用这种方法，不仅可将高温炭黑烟气的余热量最大限度地回收及利用，同时可满足炭黑收集及烟气净化系统设备对炭黑烟气温度的要求，采用该法，炭黑烟气余热利用率可提高２０％以上，经济效益十分可观。     

Isomer distribution of nitrotriphenylenes in airborne particles, diesel exhaust particles, and the products of gas-phase radical-initiated nitration of triphenylene

The formation of mutagenic nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) 1- and 2-nitrotriphenylene (1- and 2-NTP) via gas-phase OH or NO₃ radical-initiated reactions of triphenylene was demonstrated for the first time using a flow reaction system. In contrast with the results of conventional electrophilic nitration, 2-NTP was formed in larger yield than 1-NTP, but this is consistent with the mechanism proposed for gas-phase radical-initiated nitration of PAH. In diesel exhaust particle (DEP) samples, both 1- and 2-NTP were identified and their concentrations determined, as well as 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), which is a representative combustion-derived NPAH: the mean concentrations of 1-NTP, 2-NTP, and 1-NP were 4.7, 1.9, and 32 pmol mg_DEP^–1, respectively. The mean 2-NTP/1-NTP, 1-NTP/1-NP, and 2-NTP/1-NP ratios in samples of airborne particles collected in a residential area in Osaka, Japan, were>1.55,<0.25, and 0.37, respectively; these values are much higher than those of the DEP samples. This finding indicates that there is another source for airborne NTPs, especially 2-NTP, apart from diesel exhaust. These results strongly suggest that airborne NTPs originate from atmospheric processes such as radical-initiated reactions of triphenylene, and this has a significant influence on the atmospheric occurrence of NTPs.     

超高“Z型”中庭高度对自燃排烟特性影响的数值模拟研究

超过12m的超高中庭发生火灾时,常规排烟方法不能完全满足实际需求。通过FDS软件对某超高"Z型"中庭进行数值模拟,研究中庭高度对自然排烟特性的影响。该"Z型"中庭底层南面是自然进风口,顶层北面是自然排烟口,以烟气最先到达指定楼层人员危险时间值为到达危险时间。实验条件下模拟结果表明:无风情况下,中庭高度增加,到达危险时间增加,自然排烟效果增强。到达危险时间t与中庭高度h之间满足一定指数增长关系:t=y0+Aexp(h/α),中庭火源位置和中庭宽度对y0、A和α有一定影响。有风情况下,外界风向与进风口方向一致时,中庭自然排烟效果优于无风状况,中庭越高效果越强。在外界风向与排烟口方向相反时,烟气倒灌进中庭,自然排烟效果较弱。     

Study of sorptive properties of trap systems for selective enrichment of volatile organic compounds from tobacco smoke samples

There is a dearth of data on the consumer product concentrations of iron, lead, and nickel for accurate comparison to be made. The levels of these elements were determined in 85 samples of six different classes of personal care products commonly used in Nigeria using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of the analysis showed that the range of the mean concentrations of Fe was 0.485–1.108 ppm, Pb ND–0.163 ppm, and Ni ND-0.160 ppm. The analytical data have demonstrated that the selected consumer products are possible sources of iron, lead, and nickel exposure. Users can be exposed to these metals directly through dermal contact or inhalation. The regulations relating to cosmetic products give no limit values for heavy metals in cosmetic products, hence, it was difficult to establish if the values obtained in this study are safe or not. Prolonged use of soaps, creams, and detergent containing these elements may pose threat to human health and the environment. This could be responsible for various skin diseases such as allergic skin, follicular and pigmentary disorders, which are common among the users (exposed groups) of these products in Nigeria. A body of evidence has presented a rare example of systemic allergic dermatitis caused by topical application of a mercury-containing cosmetic to the upper lip of a 32-year-old Turkish patient.