地铁火灾模拟研究

简述了地铁火灾的特点、危害性及烟气控制方法．介绍了主要的火灾模型及数学模型,以及CFD软件Fluent的处理过程．并对假设隧道进行模拟．提出了进行地铁火灾温度场、速度场及烟气流动的数值模拟。     

复合氧化物催化剂用于汽车尾气净化的研究

研制了一系列非贵金属复合氧化物催化剂,测定这些催化剂净化汽车尾气的活性和抗硫、磷、铅及析碳中毒等性能,排出了它们的活性和抗硫中毒的顺序。实验表明,ASC(Re-Mn-Pb-Cu-Cr-A-O_x/Al_2O_3,A助剂)催化剂具有较高的活性及较好的抗硫磷、铅及析碳中毒性能,具有较好的应用前景。     

The impact of gasoline emission on plants – a review

This review presents the status of knowledge about gasoline exhaust pollution and its impact biochemical and physiological characteristics of plants. Parameters on such as leaf conductance, membrane permeability, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and relative water content have been used as indicators to assess the impact of gasoline exhaust pollution on plant health. Tolerant plants such as Mangifera indica Linn. are reported showing an insignificant decrease in the percentage of chlorophyll content (3.6%) and a significant increase in the percentage of ascorbic acid (84.6%) and sensitive plants such as Cassia fistula are reported showing a significant decrease in the percentage of chlorophyll (66.4%) as well as ascorbic acid (32.9%). In the case of ornamental plants, Dracaena deremensis has been reported to show an insignificant decrease in the chlorophyll content but a significant increase in the ascorbic acid, pH and relative water content, which were found to be in tolerant category, while Dianthus caryophyllus showed sensitive characteristics. Such plants can be used as sinks and bioindicators for gasoline exhaust pollution. Though several studies reported biochemical impacts of individual or combined exhaust gases on plant species, the cumulative effect of gasoline exhaust on plant species has not been studied extensively, especially in the developing countries.     

Compound specific carbon and hydrogen stable isotope analyses of volatile organic compounds in various emissions of combustion processes

This study presents carbon (δ¹³C) and hydrogen (δD) isotope values of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various emission sources using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TD-GC-irMS). The investigated VOCs ranged from C6 to C10. Samples were taken from (i) car exhaust emissions as well as from plant combustion experiments of (ii) various C3 and (iii) various C4 plants. We found significant differences in δ values of analysed VOCs between these sources, e.g. δ¹³C of benzene ranged between (i) −21.7 ± 0.2‰, (ii) −27.6 ± 1.6‰ and (iii) −16.3 ± 2.2‰, respectively and δD of benzene ranged between (i) −73 ± 13‰, (ii) −111 ± 10‰ and (iii) −70 ± 24‰, respectively. Results of VOCs present in investigated emission sources were compared to values from the literature (aluminium refinery emission). All source groups could be clearly distinguished using the dual approach of δ¹³C and δD analysis. The results of this study indicate that the correlation of compound specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis provides the potential for future research to trace the fate and to determine the origin of VOCs in the atmosphere using thermal desorption compound specific isotope analysis.     

下排气旋风分离器结构优化研究

下排气旋风分离器是一种新型的气固分离装置,但存在对细颗粒夹带严重,导致细颗粒分离效率稍低的现象.采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和拉格朗日坐标系下的离散相模型,对75 t/h循环流化床锅炉的下排气旋风分离器的气固两相流动进行数值研究并提出结构优化措施.结果表明,下排气旋风分离器进口改为减缩型、排气管位置下移并采用圆台入口,对...     

考虑火灾全过程的钢管混凝土组合框架力学性能初步研究

为进一步研究真实火灾工况下钢管混凝土组合框架的抗火性能,基于有限元软件ABAQUS建立了单层单跨圆形钢管混凝土柱-组合梁平面框架经历火灾全过程的数值分析模型。通过合理选取热工参数,进行了组合框架在ISO-834标准升降温曲线下的热传分析,研究了组合框架钢管混凝土柱与组合梁截面温度场的变化规律;在热传模型的基础上,通过合理选取材料本构模型、单元类型、边界条件以及网格划分等,对经历常温加载、升温、降温以及火灾后的钢管混凝土柱-组合梁平面框架的力学性能进行初步探讨。结果表明,由于钢筋混凝土楼板在受火过程中的吸热与约束作用使组合框架在受火后仍具有较高承栽力。该方法可进一步完善钢管混凝土结构抗火分析理论,也可供实际工程应用参考。     

机械清罐技术在长庆油田的应用

机械清罐技术与传统的人工清罐相比,缩短了清罐周期,避免了人员与油品的直接接触,降低了施工过程的安全风险。文章分析了油泥的产生、机械清罐的现场应用,将人工清罐和机械清罐进行对比。机械清罐技术原油的回收率高达98%,有效减少了对环境的污染。     

我国机动车污染防治行业2011年发展综述

综述了2011年我国机动车污染防治行业的发展环境,以及行业的技术发展进展、新技术开发应用情况和市场特点;介绍了行业主要(骨干)企业的发展情况;分析了2011年行业发展中存在的主要问题,提出了解决对策和建议,并对行业的发展进行了展望。     

垃圾焚烧机械炉排防磨损拉紧机构

目前国内外城市生活垃圾焚烧大多数采用机械炉排装置。在实际运行中由于热膨胀和炉排的相对运动,使得固定炉排与运行炉排之间磨损加剧,炉排间空隙过大,造成一次风压不稳,机械不完全燃烧损失增大,烟气中的NOx、二英达不到排放标准、灰渣热灼减率增大等问题。通过研究垃圾焚烧机械炉排的运行状态,设计出一套能自动调节的炉排防磨损拉紧机构,解决炉排在运行过程中出现的磨损问题。     

套管喷旋流技术在热交换器中的应用

套管式空气预热器的传热元件是由两根不同直径的管子套在一起组成,外管由高温烟气获取热量,充分利用排烟余热,内管中通入冷空气,内外管通过对流和辐射的传热方式实现热量传递,是一种结构简单、换热效率高的新型空气换热器。