降雨对城市道路交通行驶速度的影响分析

天气状况是影响城市道路交通行驶效率的重要因素。本研究的目的是结合浮动车GPS数据和气象站降雨量检测数据,分析降雨对城市道路交通行驶速度的影响。应用t检验比较了广州市降雨天和非降雨天的城市路段交通行驶速度的差异性,分别用Spearman相关系数和Pearson相关系数描述了降雨量和速度变化的关系。结果表明:降雨天和非降雨天的交通行驶速度的差异比较显著;持续性降雨造成交通行驶速度的较大波动,同时造成部分路段交通行驶速度的下降,快速路和主干道的速度下降比较明显;降雨量和速度变化量之间的相关性不明显。     

沥青再生剂的研究选择

为了节约能源,保护环境,变废为宝,在此结合沈阳 大连等高速公路路面维修工程,选取废旧沥青混合料,抽提回收出旧沥青。运用 4组分分析方法选择出较适合沥青再生的几种再生剂,用正交设计对再生剂组合优良加以评价,并用数学回归模型对再生剂含量进行优化。通过实验验证,再生剂A和再生剂C以 1∶1的比例混合出的复合再生剂是比较好的,再生剂含量在 7%～ 8%范围内再生的沥青性能指标完全满足技术要求     

Responses of Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd toxicities

Responses of Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd toxicities were assessed by a seed-suspending seedbed(SSS) approach. The results showed that the SSS approach was suitable for testing the tolerance of a plant to the stress of toxic metals. The endpoints include seed germination success, straightened radicle and hypocotyl of the seedlings from the seeds. The measurements could be done easily and accurately. It was found that the elongation of radicle was the most sensitive indicator to the stress of heavy metals among the endpoints. When exposure to lower or medium concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd, the development of the lateral roots were favorable. Species of S. rostrata was more tolerant than S. cannabina to the heavy metals, especially to Zn and Cd. The ED50 of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were 32.90, .5.32, 4.40 and 12.00 μg/ml for S. rostrata,respectively, and they were 30.11, 2.87, 4.0.5 and 4.94 μg/ml respectively for S. cannabina.     

An investigation into the energy use in relation to yield of rice (Oryza sativa) in Assam, India

Energy use scenario and resulting rice yield of 576 farms belonging to six agroclimatic zones of Assam, India were investigated. Input energy from eight distinct sources, viz., human, animal, diesel, commercial chemical fertilizer, farm yard manure (FYM), seed, pesticide chemical and machinery were determined on the basis of collected data and using standard procedure. Based on the power sources used and application of commercial chemical fertilizer, four categories of farms were delineated: (i) animal power without commercial fertilizer (APNF), (ii) animal power with commercial fertilizer (APF), (iii) mechanical power without commercial fertilizer (MPNF) and (iv) mechanical power with commercial fertilizer (MPF). The best-fit curve of energy versus yield indicated that use of commercial chemical fertilizer and mechanical power resulted in higher rice yield at higher level of input energy. Moreover, as the use of energy increased the yield increased up to maxima and then declined at higher levels of energy. This was observed in all four categories of farms with variation in yield–energy values. The average values of energy input (MJ ha⁻¹) and corresponding yield (kg ha⁻¹) for the APNF, APF, MPNF and MPF type of farms were (5220, 1980); (9050, 3170); (5100, 2360) and (8320, 3800), respectively. Renewable energy dominated the rice cultivation in Assam contributing more than 50% of the total input energy with the exception of MPF category of farm where share of renewable and non-renewable were found to be almost equal. Among the farm operations, tillage was the highest energy consuming operation followed by threshing, harvesting and transplanting for all four categories of farms. However, it was observed that rice yield was not positively correlated with tillage energy.     

某灵巧弹药红外敏感器部件贮存加速寿命试验应力的研究

对于结构复杂的新型弹药元件,难以通过传统的统计试验方法来验证其可靠性,而现阶段基于模型的加速寿命试验方法受到加速模型的限制,只适应于元器件级及材料级的传统弹药元件。在明确某灵巧弹药红外敏感器部件结构特征的基础上,以步进加速寿命试验理论与方法为依据,逐一对各组件进行分层次的贮存失效分析,归纳出贮存环境中导致红外敏感器部件失效的主要应力类型,并提出该部件可采取恒定湿度、步进温度的加速寿命试验方法进行可靠性验证。     

航空用2D12铝合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为研究

在海南万宁试验站开展2D12铝合金海洋大气暴露试验,通过质量损失分析、力学性能分析和金相显微形貌分析,研究了2D12铝合金在海洋大气环境中腐蚀的规律和行为。结果表明,2D12铝合金的腐蚀质量损失与暴露时间的关系可用幂函数回归;随暴露时间的延长,2D12铝合金的抗拉强度先下降、后趋于平稳,断后伸长率则逐渐降低;金相显微分析表明,2D12铝合金的腐蚀由初始的点蚀逐渐发展成晶间腐蚀。     

碳气凝胶的制备及其对极性农药的吸附性能

以机械球磨联合TEMPO氧化对木浆纤维进行预处理,并通过高温热解制备碳气凝胶,对其形貌、元素组成、比表面积、孔径结构以及表面官能团进行表征分析,并以阳离子型毗虫啉(IMI)和阴离子型2,4-D为目标物评价其吸附性能.结果 表明:经机械球磨联合TEMPO氧化改性显著增加碳气凝胶的孔和表面C=O官能团含量、比表面积及极性,...