Ecological analysis of disturbed riverbanks in the Montréal area of Québec

In revegetation trials on disturbed riverbank sites in the Montréal region (Québec, Canada), an analysis of their structure by means of their biotic and abiotic components was undertaken. Vegetation sampling and physical surveys, together with soil analyses of 62 stands, grouped in 20 sectors, were carried out in the summer of 1986. The statistical analyses of biotic and abiotic data were executed in parallel by a hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (arithmetic average clustering) and by an ordination in reduced space (principal coordinate analysis). The species colonizing these riverbanks are, for the most part, ruderals from the Montréal region, of which more than 50% are introduced species. The pioneering communities characterizing these artificial habitats have had very little impact on the physical conditions of their environment; therefore, the ordination on the plant communities proves to be strongly correlated to the ordination stemming from the abiotic components. The statistical analysis retains the original sectors, underlining the fact that each human intervention generally results in the creation of a particular ecological situation.     

上海市TSP-Pb空气质量监测点位优化研究

通过对上海市23个站点的TSP-Pb监测数据的分析,发现TSP与Pb之间具有良好的相关性.因此考虑只用TSP数据对站点进行优化.通过对各站点TSP数据的聚类分析,将所有站点分为6类,然后对包含多个站点的类,将类中各站点与本类均值一同进行再聚类,选取代表站点.最终选取6个站点作为上海市TSP-Pb污染水平的代表站点.优化前后的对比分析表明,优化结果合理,信息损失量小.     

单环芳族化合物结构与生物降解性关系的统计分析

使用量子化学方法MOPAC6．0-AMI软件计算了42种单环芳族化合物的分子最高占有轨道能(EHOMO)、分子最低空轨道能(ELUMO)、分子生成热(Hf)、分子表面积(TSA)、偶极矩(μ)和分子量(Mw)值；从ClogP软件查得分子的辛醇／水分配系数lgP。对化合物的上述7种结构参数进行因子分析，提取3个主因子可代表化合物的绝大部分结构信息。根据因子得分，对化合物进行了聚类分析。分别以各个主亚类中的化合物为对象，进行结构-生物降解性关系分析，得到系列相关方程，所研究化合物的生物降解性主要与取代基的电子效应有关。     

北亚热带过渡区土壤的模糊聚类分析

本文阐述了北亚热带过渡区十个土壤剖面的成土条件和基本性质，应用模糊聚类对土壤的五项诊断指标进行了分析，并与发生分类和诊断分类相比较．在中国土壤系统分类中提出建立淋溶土纲和始成土纲的基础上，探讨了供试土壤的分类地位。其中０１－０４号剖面属于典型铁质湿润淋溶上亚类；０５—０７和０９号剖面归为铁质粘磐半干润淋溶土亚类；０８号剖面为典型半干润淡色始成上亚类，１０号剖面为典型淡色滞水淋溶士亚类。     

庐山春季降水与云雾水化学组成的比较

庐山春季高山降水和云雾水均已严重酸化，所采样品的ｐＨ值全部小于５．６，主要酸性物质是硫酸，硝酸占次要地位；云雾水中离子浓度高于降水，且酸度强于降水；对不同相态降水的比较表明，固相降水组成比雨不高２－６倍，但ｐＨ值比雨水高０．６。而氧化性物质Ｈ２Ｏ２在降水中浓度高于云雾水中浓度，液相降水中浓度于固相降水。     

Statistics: an essential technology in environmental research and management

Statistical methods as developed and used in decision making and scientific research are of recent origin. The logical foundations of statistics are still under discussion and some care is needed in applying the existing methodology and interpreting results. Some pitfalls in statistical data analysis are discussed and the importance of cross examination of data (or exploratory data analysis) before using specific statistical techniques are emphasized. Comments are made on the treatment of outliers, choice of stochastic models, use of multivariate techniques and the choice of software (expert systems) in statistical analysis. The need for developing new methodology with particular relevance to environmental research and policy is stressed.Dr Rao is Eberly Professor of Statistics and Director of the Penn State Center for Multivariate Analysis. He has received PhD and ScD degrees from Cambridge University, and has been awarded numerous honorary doctorates from universities around the world. He is a Fellow of Royal Society, UK; Fellow of Indian National Science Academy; Foreign Honorary Member of American Academy of Arts and Science; Life Fellow of King's College, Cambridge; and Founder Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences. He is Honorary Fellow and President of International Statistical Institute, Biometric Society and elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. He has made outstanding contributions to virtually all important topics of theoretical and applied statistics, and many results bear his name. He has been Editor of Sankhya and theJournal of Multivariate Analysis, and serves on international advisory boards of several professional journals, includingEnvironmetrics and theJournal of Environmental Statistics. This paper is based on the keynote address to the Seventh Annual Conference on Statistics of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.     

衡山地区酸性降水来源和成因的研究

运用大气物理和大气化学相结合的方法,通过对衡山气态污染物、大气气溶胶、云水和降水的同步综合观测和分析,探讨了衡山地区酸性降水的来源和成因,指出衡山地区的酸性降水与大气污染物的传输有关.     

Mesoscale meteorological modelling for Hong Kong-application of the MC2 model

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基于可拓云模型的区域生态安全预警模型及应用——以祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段为例

针对区域生态安全预警中的不确定性问题,考虑生态安全等级边界信息的随机性、模糊性及动态性,利用可拓学中兼具定性和定量分析及动态性的物元理论和具有不确定推理特性的云模型,提出了基于可拓云模型的区域生态安全预警模型;运用该模型对祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段2005—2015年生态安全进行了定量评估,并对2017年生态安全环境进行动态预警。结果表明:祁连山生态功能区张掖段2005—2015年的生态安全整体水平均处于"理想"以下,其变化趋势为"较差"到"一般"再到"良好";2017年祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段生态安全为"蓝色"预警,但有向"黄色"转变的趋势,其中工业三废、环保投入强度、森林覆盖率及人均水资源量是影响祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段生态安全的主要因素。