集群中的绿色技术创新-扩散研究——以电子制造的无铅化为例

以我国电子企业在欧盟指令的压力下，引入无铅焊接工艺过程为例，考察了集群中绿色技术创新的扩散。文章回顾了全球无铅技术发展的历程，分析了绿色技术创新与扩散的特点，结合实证案例研究，指出在无铅化工艺的扩散过程中，领导企业的供应链管理、OEM厂商的制造技术能力、无铅元器件供应商之间的合作、及专业化的检验检测机构是推动绿色技术创新扩散的关键因素，而地理集群为这些因素之间的密切配合提供了可能，但促使集群合作创新的动力却来自集群之外。     

北京地区大气颗粒物输送路径及潜在源分析

利用TrajStat软件和全球资料同化系统数据,计算了2005~2016年北京市逐日72h气流后向轨迹,采用聚类分析方法,结合北京同期PM_2.5逐日质量浓度数据,分析北京市年及四季后向气流轨迹特征及其对北京市颗粒物浓度的影响,运用潜在源贡献因子分析法（PSCF）和浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT）,探讨研究时期内不同季节影响北京市颗粒物质量浓度的潜在源区以及不同源区对北京颗粒物质量浓度的贡献.结果表明,就全年而言,西北输送气流占总轨迹的比例最高,达59.97%,且其输送距离最远、输送高度最高、移速最快.输送高度最低、距离最短、移速最慢的东南气流占比次之,为27.64%,东北气流占比最低为12.40%,其移速和输送距离介于前两者之间.主要污染轨迹来自山东、河北,其次为来自俄罗斯、蒙古国和内蒙古荒漠戈壁地区的西北气流.PSCF和CWT分析发现,蒙中、晋中、冀西南、豫北及鲁西是影响北京PM_2.5的主要潜在区域.而不同季节、不同输送路径对北京PM_2.5污染影响的差异显著,春季主要受来自蒙晋交界区域的短距离输送气流影响,潜在源区位于冀南、鲁西、豫东和皖西北地区,夏季污染轨迹来自鲁、晋地区,潜在源区为豫东北、皖北和苏北地区;秋季主要受来自冀南地区的短距离气流影响,潜在源区为晋北、冀南、豫北和鲁西地区,冬季主要受来自蒙古国中西部和蒙中地区的远距离输送气流影响,潜在源区主要在冀南、鲁西、豫北、晋和蒙西地区.     

甘肃省生态服务供需关系及影响因子研究

以甘肃省为例分析,采用分区域生态服务供需评价矩阵,在生态系统服务供需关系研究基础上,基于地理探测器从自然因素和社会经济因素两个方面研究了生态系统服务供需指数的影响,揭示了供需格局的时空变化规律.结果表明：在甘肃省中部和南部,生态系统供给与需求具有明显的空间分布错位,呈现出高供给-低需求和低供给-高需求的状态,供需服务高度不平衡区域主要集中在甘肃中部区域.甘肃省生态系统服务供给能力和供需指数之间权衡和协同关系并存,而生态系统服务需求强度和供需指数之间都为权衡关系.从地理探测结果看,年均降水量和植被类型对生态系统服务供给能力影响的解释力q值在50%以上,是导致空间分异的主要原因;而人口数量对生态系统服务需求强度影响的解释力最高,q值超过40%,对供需指数的影响中,社会经济因子中的人口数量和自然因子中的降水量解释力最高,q值超过35%.影响因子对生态系统服务供给能力（需求强度、供需指数）的影响是多种因子共同作用的结果,其影响均为非线性增强.     

2016~2019年江西省臭氧污染特征与气象因子影响分析

利用2016~2019年生态环境部环境监测总站提供的江西省11个设区市的监测数据及同期的国家气象观测站常规观测资料,研究江西省臭氧污染特征与气象因子的关系.结果表明,江西省近几年臭氧污染日益严重,2016年全省臭氧（日最大8 h滑动平均值）平均浓度为80.1 μg·m^-3,到2019年上升至98.2 μg·m^-3,平均年增长率为6 μg·m^-3.2019年江西省11个设区市O₃超标总天数为475 d,占总超标天数的72.6%.2016~2018年O₃月平均浓度具有典型的季节变化特征：夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季,2019年秋季由于降水量显著减少、日照时数增多和气温升高等气象条件导致秋季近地面臭氧浓度异常升高,其平均浓度高于其它季节.臭氧浓度总体与气温、日照时数呈正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关,当气温高于30℃、相对湿度在20%~40%区间、风速在2~3 m·s^-1区间时易出现高浓度臭氧污染.江西省臭氧浓度呈现一定的空间分布特征：赣东北地区低于其他地区,南部城市高于北部城市.其中,赣州市臭氧污染较为严重,其2019年平均浓度居全省最高,为104.2 μg·m^-3.基于后向轨迹HYSPLIT模型和潜在源解析PSCF对赣州市进行分析,研究结果表明赣州市臭氧污染的主要潜在贡献源区存在一定的季节差异：春季臭氧污染的外来输送源主要来自广东中部和江西北部地区,夏季主要来自江西北部地区,而秋季则主要来自广东北部和安徽中部地区.     

PDCS安全管理模式研究与应用

为提高煤矿安全管理水平和隐患治理能力,首先,提出一种防范、控制、执行、整顿(PCDS)安全管理模式,并根据该理论模式,创建冀中能源"8341+"安全管理体系;其次,利用大数据和云计算技术,开发安全管理体系云+边信息化平台,该平台可实现信息共享和快速处理,实现智能化判断与控制;最后,以冀中能源集团的实践应用为例,验证分析...     

Toward Ecological Economy

Abstract

With the effect of the human trade doctrine in the international trade field, almost all the countries have paid more attention to the sustainable development of international trade. This article chose the export sustainable development as the research object. On the basis of the analysis of the theoretical connotation of the export sustainable development, this article tried to establish an evaluation indices system and set up an evaluation model of the export sustainable development level, and finally made some empirical research on China. The result indicates that the comprehensive level of the export sustainable development in China showed a tendency to rise from 1985 to 2003 and the export sustainable development level of China in these years can be divided into four grades: excellent, good, moderate and poor. In most years, the social economic benefits of export was obtained at the cost of the deterioration of environment and the depletion of resources, and the economic profit of export did not increase with the enlargement of the export scale because of the deterioration of the terms of trade. Therefore, China should be careful about the problem of poverty accompanied by the increase of export.     

Study on the Comprehensive Tourism Development Pattern in Periphery Minority Area: A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province,China

Abstract

The paper took the human-land relations as a basic point, and the theories of tourism industry system and sustainable development as the guidance, with Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gannan) as the case study area. From microcosmic and macroscopic viewpoints, the author carried out function orientation and evaluation to the tourism industry development, and research on the comprehensive tourism industry development pattern of Gannan. Results show that the fragile ecological environment and the traditional economic growth pattern have restricted regional sustainable development, and made Gannan to become a representative of the periphery minority areas in Northwest China. Tourism development of Gannan is at the primary phase, with the characteristics of short industry chain and low economic efficiency. It is an inevitable choice to transform the way of regional economic growth and the development pattern of tourism industry from the traditional pattern to the pattern of sustainable development. Simultaneously, Gannan's natural, national and religious culture makes Gannan a broad prospect on the comprehensive tourism development. Gannan should choose the comprehensive tourism industry as its scientific pattern to realize sustainable development, promote harmonious social, economic and ecological development, alleviate the human-land contradictory, and realize dual goals in terms of ecology construction and economical development. For Gannan and the similar areas in China, studies on the sustainable development pattern of tourism have extremely important strategic sense with respect to tourism development and the sustainable development of regional economy.     

PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN THE TERRESTRIAL DISPOSITION OF SILVER FROM CLOUD SEEDING1

ABSTRACT. Silver iodide is currently the most favored cloud seeding material in weather modification projects. While the literature indicates that its ecological effects are likely to be insignificant, its disposition in the terrestrial ecosystem after snow melt has not been adequately studied. Silver levels in soil, plant and litter material are being monitored twice a year on a mountainous area in southwestern Colorado, to determine whether annual accretion from cloud seeding can be measured with current techniques and whether significant changes in silver concentration take place in grass, aspen, and spruce communities. One AgI generator site is also being monitored. Comparison of silver concentrations in terrestrial components of the target area indicates no measurable increase after the first winter's seeding. On an ash basis, spruce foliage and litter contain about four times as much silver as soil. On a dry weight basis, soil from all three plant communities contains about six times as much silver as foliage. Consistent increases in silver concentration were found in soil and pine foliage within 200 meters of one generator site.     

医药行业蒸馏系统蒸气云爆炸模型的研究

医药行业对药品生产的纯度控制相当重要,蒸馏操作是医药行业普遍运用的工艺手段之一.但由于蒸馏工序所涉及的物料常伴随具有较强燃爆性的危险化学品,且闪点以上操作加剧了物料的燃爆危险,因此医药行业蒸馏系统便成了事故多发的工艺单元之一.通过对某公司蒸馏系统的危险性分析,找出了蒸馏系统存在燃爆危险的主要因素,再进一步采用蒸汽云爆炸事故模拟评价方法,结合拉乌尔定律和道尔顿分压定律对该公司蒸馏系统进行安全评价,确定蒸馏系统二元混合物蒸气云爆炸冲击波损害半径.     

Radiation heat transfer in transient dust cloud flame propagation

This study investigates the impact of radiation heat transfer and heat conduction on dust cloud combustion. Radiation plays a very important role in the stability of dust cloud flame, and increasing the amount of radiation drastically raises the possibility of instability and explosion in a dust cloud mixture. Flame speed, which is a function of mixture characteristics, can exhibit a fluctuating behavior. By using the discrete heat source method, it would be possible to study the transient propagation of dust flames. Thus, the propagation speed of flame can be obtained, and as time goes by, the transient speed of dust flame will reach its steady state value. By considering the radiation effect, better agreement is observed between the obtained results and experimental data.