九华山旅游劳工移民行为特征分析

以九华山为例,运用质的研究方法中的深度访谈法,在开放式咨询、小样本深度访谈和二手数据分析基础上对九华山旅游劳工移民的行为特征进行了研究。编码分析表明,九华山旅游劳工移民的生活重心在于工作,他们入山后的行为变化明显,不同类型样本具有不同的行为表现,在山上过“本地人”和“自己”的生活方式是主要的两种行为模式。与游客和旅游退休移民的行为比较分析在生活状态、时间、空间、行为、知识能力5个方面揭示出九华山旅游劳工移民行为特征。     

Using evidence to improve reproductive health quality along the Thailand-Burma border

The Mae Tao Clinic, located on the Thailand-Burma border, has provided health services for illegal migrant workers in Thailand and internally displaced people from Burma since 1989. In 2001, the clinic launched a project with the primary aim of improving reproductive health services and the secondary aim of building clinic capacity in monitoring and evaluation (M&E). This paper first presents the project's methods and key results. The team used observation of antenatal care and family-planning sessions and client exit interviews at baseline and follow-up, approximately 13 months apart, to assess performance on six elements of quality of care. Findings indicated that improving programme readiness contributed to some improvement in the quality of services, though inconsistencies in findings across the methods require further research. The paper then identifies lessons learned from introducing M&E in a resource-constrained setting. One key lesson was that a participatory approach to M&E increased people's feelings of ownership of the project and motivated staff to collect and use data for programme decision-making to improve quality.     

Control or rescue at sea? Aims and limits of border surveillance technologies in the Mediterranean Sea

The matter of boat migrants crossing the Mediterranean Sea, seeking to reach Europe, is interchangeably defined as a ‘security issue', requiring stricter border controls, and as a humanitarian issue with corresponding rescue and protection requirements. This paper seeks to understand what role various surveillance technologies, such as radar, satellites, and unmanned aerial vehicles, can play in this respect (legally and technically), in comparison to the role that they are assigned (that is, political expectations). To unravel what surveillance technologies can and cannot do vis‐à‐vis the aims of control and rescue, there is a need to comprehend what information can be collected and what information is needed to fulfil these objectives. The paper contends that there is a mismatch between the information sought to ‘control’ borders, but which cannot be gathered effectively by or processed using surveillance technologies, and the valuable information needed to perform rescue operations, which these surveillance technologies can supply.     

“十三五”中国城镇化六大转型与健康发展

新型城镇化是中国最大的潜在内需,是深化供给侧结构性改革的突破口,是引领"十三五"时期经济发展的引擎。本文在对中国城镇化深入分析的基础上,发现当前中国城镇化面临着以人为本不够、城镇化效率不高、绿色发展不够、城镇规模结构不平衡、市场化不足、协调发展不够六大问题。结合"十三五"规划纲要提出的"创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享"的新发展理念,文章认为"十三五"期间城镇化要实现健康发展,需要推动六大转型:(1)通过采取差别化落户政策和居住证制度并行的市民化二维路径,实现从以地为中心的城镇化转向以人为本的城镇化;(2)通过土地价格市场化、提升人力资本、避免重复投资和过度投资来提高土地、劳动、资本的使用效率,实现从低效利用要素的城镇化转向高效率和高质量的城镇化;(3)通过转变经济发展方式和提升城市管理水平,实现从"高耗能、高排放、高污染"的城镇化转向人口、资源、环境可持续发展的绿色城镇化;(4)通过依托城市群这一平台,实现从规模结构不合理、大中小城市不协调的城镇化转向城市群一体化高效发展、大中小城市协调发展、规模效应和集聚效应充分发挥的城镇化;(5)通过转变政府职能,发挥市场机制在资源配置中的决定性作用,实现从"政府主导"的城镇化转向"市场主导、政府引导"、民间资本作用充分发挥的城镇化;(6)通过推动信息化和工业化深度融合、工业化和城镇化良性互动、城镇化和农业现代化相互协调,实现从城镇化与工业化、信息化、农业现代化发展不协调、产城脱节转向"四化同步"、产城融合的发展方式。     

环境工程项目中农村移民生产生活恢复模式分析研究——以衢州城东污水处理厂为例

在环境工程项目中,移民的生产生活恢复工作至关重要.通过调研,以衢州城东污水处理厂为例,对永久征地、临时占地、房屋拆迁以及弱势群体四种类型的移民生产生活恢复模式进行了分析.基于以上分析,最终得出四个结论:(1)永久征地移民生活恢复以社保补偿金方式为主、(2)临时占地移民恢复方式多为技术手段、(3)房屋拆迁移民补偿方式主要是房屋安置和货币补偿相结合、(4)结合实际情况对移民中弱势群体进行恢复.     

Impact on Mountainous Agricultural Development in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area forced by Migrants of the Three Gorges Project

The Three Gorges Project attracts worldwide attention because of the Three Gorges migrants, and the agriculture of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is a foundation for the development of the Three Gorges migrants. The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is situated at the mountainous area with bad agricultural development conditions and relatively low levels of development. As a result, the large-scale migration fias special influence on its agricultural development, which has attracted much attention. The paper analyzes influence that the migrants have forced on its agricultural development based on the scientific data, and makes some explorations on the models that are suitable for the development of mountainous agriculture in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.     

论水库移民的科学范畴

水库移民学是一门正在酝酿形成之中的新兴综合性学科。本文结合水库淹没处理的经验教训,分析了水库移民学的研究对象——水库移民的科学范畴,得出:水库移民是因兴建水库而产生的由淹没区和淹没影响区迁移到安置区的“人——自然——社会——经济系统”以及这个系统的动态演化过程。它具有系统性、动态演化性、被动性、主体性、补偿性、开发性、环境调适性和自行融合性等八个基本特征。     

气候变化移民:极端气候事件与适应——基于对2010年西南特大干旱农村人口迁移的调查

国际上对气候因素引致人口迁移的直接关联性和重要程度一直存在争议.2010年我国西南地区遭受的特大千旱给探索极端气候事件和气候变化移民之间的复杂关系提供了研究背景.在此特大干旱影晌下,当地农村居民是否、以及怎样采用迁移的方式来应对?本文以2010年8-9月在受灾严重的云南省昆明市寻甸县所进行的田野调查为基础,揭示了特大干旱背景下当地农村人口的迁移行为及特征.调研结果表明在所调查的村组并未因此极端气候事件而引起大规模的气候变化移民活动,无论是暂时的还是永久的.为了解释灾后当地农村人口的迁移选择,本文引入“气候变化一人口迁移响应”的基本理论框架模型,考虑公共和私人两个层面的作用,对当地政府、村集体和农户自身的灾后适应行为进行深入分析和效果评价.结果表明在公共层面的各类帮扶和救助下,农户自身亦采取了多样化的适应措施,两个层面适应行为的共同作用缓解了特大干旱给农户生计带来的压力,使得农户家庭成员的迁移并不成为必须的选择.