农业结构调整与农作物病虫害减灾对策

农业产业结构调整是我国农业生产发展的战略决策,论述了农业产业结构调整的必然性和在农业结构调整期农作物病虫灾害可持续治理的对策。     

重大突发事件下应急冷链供应链协同化评价模型及策略研究*

为有效规避冷链供应链受突发事件带来的不利影响,并强化其应急体系协同化发展,提出基于层次分析法和序参量法的应急冷链供应链协同化水平评价模型。模型以供应链协同化理论为基础,从协同化目标入手构建影响其协同化水平的测度指标体系;利用层次分析法确定评价指标的综合权重,最后运用序参量法评估冷链供应链各应急环节的协同度。结果表明:评价模型能有效评估应急冷链供应链协同化水平,可为冷链供应链应对突发事件提供参考。     

区域轨道交通系统节点重要度及故障恢复研究

为提高区域轨道交通系统(RRTS)正常运营下的可靠性和故障情况下的弹性,分析区域轨道交通网络(RRTN)的拓扑特性,构建拓扑结构弹性评价模型,实现突发条件下系统弹性的定量评价;提出一种基于系统弹性的结构评价方法,根据节点重要度评价,识别出系统关键节点;应用弹性损失三角形,进行多种故障情况下系统最优恢复策略研究.结果 表...     

生态旅游战略环境影响评价思路的探讨

文章分析了战略环境影响评价的概念,结合我国战略环境影响评价的发展形势,研究了战略环境影响评价在我国经济发展中的重要意义,通过其在生态旅游规划中的应用,提出生态旅游战略环境影响评价的评价思路,论述战略环境影响评价在生态旅游评价中的重要意义,最终得出其作为环境影响评价的发展方向所具备的工作思路。     

乡村旅游背景下农户生计策略转变意愿研究

近年来在乡村振兴战略实施背景下,乡村旅游在发展农村经济中的作用更加凸显。促进乡村旅游的健康发展和乡村农户生计的持续改善是当前学术界讨论的重要话题。现有研究表明,可持续生计框架中客观环境影响作用是可持续旅游生计研究的热点方向,但可持续生计框架外其他主观因素对生计策略转变影响的动态定量考量却较为空缺。本研究在乡村旅游背景下探讨政府信任度对农户生计策略转变意愿影响机制,引入居民参与度、居民支持度和生活满意度多重链式中介作用,通过结构方程模型对山东省乡村旅游地进行定量分析,并对特定路径间中介作用进行比较。实证研究结果显示:①政府信任度对居民参与度和居民支持度具有正向影响,居民支持度正向影响居民参与度。②居民参与度和居民支持度均正向影响生活满意度。③生活满意度对农户生计策略转变意愿产生正向影响。这表明在居民支持度、居民参与度和生活满意度多重链式中介作用下,政府信任度对生计策略转变意愿具有间接影响。因此,为了助推乡村振兴,实现乡村旅游和农户生计的可持续,应发挥政府作用,从政策实施、旅游市场监控、完善基础设施建设等方面提高政府信任度,培养农户的主人翁意识,引导农户融入乡村旅游发展过程中,提高生活满意度,增强农户生计策略转变意愿。     

江苏昆山市人口,资源,环境与可持续发展的战略思考

本文从区域可持续发展的角度,着重分析了搞土地批租给经济建设、农业生产和环境保护带来的利弊,指出土地批租具有经济发展上的进取性,资源利用上的合理性,环境治理上的主动性和社会发展的全面性,关键是要因势利导,加强管理,才能达到可持续发展的根本目的。     

Regional Economic Types and Development Strategy of Small Towns in Suburb Beijing

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to classify the regional economic types and development dynamics of small towns in suburb Beijing by applying the classification methods developed by Nelson’s method and Location Quotient method into 183 small towns in Beijing. Four types of small towns are thus identified, including urban agriculture dominated towns, manufacturing dominated towns, service industry dominated towns and comprehensive type towns with balanced economic development. Within the environment of geographical information system, the spatial distribution pattern of four types of small towns with their evolution trend is analyzed. The results indicate that four types of small towns have obvious ‘core-periphery’ spatial structure but with different functional orientations and evolution mechanisms. Based on this, the different development strategies for each type of small towns are summarized, providing a scientific reference for the differentiating planning and development strategies of these small towns.     

The Concept and Theoretical Implications of Carbon Emissions Rights Based on Individual Equity

Abstract

Climate change has become a hot topic in international environmental negotiations. For post-Kyoto international climate regime negotiations, many countries have proposed a variety of frameworks to share the emission reduction responsibilities and allocate carbon emission rights, and have tried to quantify the emission reduction obligations of all countries based on the perspectives of international equity and individual equity. In this paper, the authors have distinguished the concepts of carbon emissions rights based on these two perspectives respectively, have analyzed the relationship between carbon emissions per capita and economic development, and have calculated and compared the proportion of cumulative emissions per capita of different countries in history and future, and then authors conclude that emission reduction obligations should be allocated based on each country’s conditions, including historical emissions, development stage, and future demands. Developed countries should take the initiative to significantly reduce their emissions because they have already accomplished their industrialization process. However, developing countries are still in the process of industrialization, which requires more emission rights to meet their development needs. For China, the concept of carbon emissions based on individual equity can be used as a theoretical tool for the allocating the international carbon emissions rights.     

白鱀豚种群现状、致危因素及保护策略的研究

受人类活动的影响，白鱀豚种群衰减速度加快。１９８６年种群数量不足３００头；１９９１年发现又有减少。致危原因是：受葛洲坝水利工程的影响，受裁弯工程影响，受江湖阻隔、江水污染、航船噪声、食物鱼减少等因素影响，白豚栖息活动的缓回水区环境恶化，严重干扰了白　豚的生存和繁衍。抢救白　豚首先要保护好白　豚赖以生存的缓回水区，减少意外死亡。继而活捕白　豚，将部分个体从长江干流移入人工饲养池、半自然水域或自然水域内进行养护繁殖，同时大力加强科学研究，提高保护效能。     

Establishing Eco-compensation System in China: Practice, Problems and Strategies

At present, main objective of Chinese government is building a harmonious society, which needs great efforts to promote harmonious development between people and nature as well as people and people. Implementing eco-compensation has been proven effective for achieving the objective. In fact, Chinese government has begun groping for establishing eco-compensation system since the beginning of 1980's and has obtained some experiences until now. However, eco-compensation system in China is still unperfected and has not played an important role for building a harmonious society and promoting sustainable development in today's China. An integrated and effective methodology system is still not formed, and there are still many problems need to be resolved. Based on these problems and experiences from China and other countries, this study attempts to give some suggestions for perfecting eco-compensation system of Chinese government.