延长湿热箱加湿锅炉中加热管使用寿命的研究

湿热试验箱中加湿锅炉是保证湿热试验正常进行的重要装置,加热管的使用寿命直接关系到设备的使用可靠性,通过分析影响加热管寿命的主要因素,提出了一种对加湿锅炉的改进方法,并应用于实验室。对多台湿热试验箱进行改造后,延长加热管的使用寿命,方便设备的维护保养,提高了湿热试验箱设备的使用可靠性。     

矿山酸性废水中和渣制备建筑砌块

为了实现矿山酸性废水中和渣资源化,采用硅酸盐水泥(32.5R和42.5R)、铝酸盐水泥3种胶凝材料固化中和渣制备建筑砌块。在抗压强度和浸出毒性测定的基础上,通过X-射线衍射分析、热重分析等实验手段,探究了水泥矿物水化及其与中和渣中主要物质作用机理。研究结果表明,当m(水泥)∶m(干污泥)∶m(水)=1∶0.5∶0.75时,3种胶凝材料制备免烧砖的抗压强度均达到25 MPa以上,明显高于普通黏土烧结砖。     

氯化镁微胶囊泡沫作用机理及阻化效果研究

针对现有硫化矿石自燃防治技术在应用中存在的不足,提出了采用氯化镁微胶囊泡沫防治硫化矿石自燃火灾的新思路。首先阐述了氯化镁微胶囊泡沫的特性与作用机理,然后通过实验,制备了微胶囊与微胶囊泡沫并以正交试验确定了制备微胶囊泡沫的最佳配方:微胶囊与水质量比为1∶5、ABS浓度为6 g/L、稳泡剂X浓度为6 g/L;最后采用对照实验,以温度与阻化率为优选依据,对氯化镁微胶囊泡沫、氯化镁溶液与水三者的阻化效果进行比较。结果表明在氯化镁微胶囊泡沫的作用下,硫化矿石堆的温度上升最慢,阻化率最高,达到81.6%,阻化效果优于其他两种阻化剂。     

全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)与全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的细胞毒性效应

新型污染物全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)与全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)在全球范围内的各种环境介质中被广泛检出,对生态安全和人体健康造成威胁。利用MTT(噻唑蓝)法研究了PFOA/PFOS对人体细胞的毒性效应。结果表明,低剂量PFOA和PFOS对人体正常肝细胞增殖具有显著毒性,其3 d半数抑制浓度(IC50值)分别约为5和0.5μg·L-1。此外,PFOA和PFOS均对MCF-7细胞增殖表现出显著的非单调剂量-毒性效应,并且在环境浓度范围(0.6μg·L-1)内均可促进MCF-7细胞增殖,表现出潜在的类雌激素作用风险。     

The determination of partition coefficients of organic compounds in technical products and waste waters for the estimation of their bioaccumulation potential using reversed phase thin layer chromatography

Reversed phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC) has been investigated for the estimation of octanol/water partition coefficients (P), an important parameter for the prediction of the environmental behaviour of organic chemicals. A strong correlation between P derived from the traditional octanol/water system and RPTLC has been established over five orders of magnitude. RPTLC data are likewise correlated to results obtained by high performance chromatography (HPLC). Due to the low costs, simplicity and separation power RPTLC is especially suited for the investigation and screening of mixtures of compounds before more complicated tests are involved.

Results from a round robin test on the determination of partition coefficients by HPLC, RPTLC and the batch method indicate the simplicity and accuracy of the RPTLC technique. Applications of the RPTLC‐technique on technical products and industrial waste waters are described.     

砂-聚苯乙烯颗粒轻质混合填料的剪切强度特性

砂-聚苯乙烯颗粒填料是一种以砂土和聚苯乙烯颗粒组成的轻质混合填料。通过轻质填料的直剪试验,研究其剪切强度的特性、强度影响因素及其机制。研究发现,轻质填料的剪切强度具有最优含水率(本文为10%),若大于或者小于最优含水率,剪切强度都将减小;轻质填料的剪切强度主要由4个分量构成:颗粒滑动、剪胀、挤碎和重新排列,以及因聚苯乙烯收缩而引起的颗粒移动和重排分量;轻质填料的剪切强度还受聚苯乙烯含量及法向应力(或围压)的影响,其剪切强度随聚苯乙烯含量的增加而减小,随法向应力的增加而增加;轻质填料的内摩擦角随着配比的增加而减小,凝聚力随配比的增加而增大。     

A model based on molecular structure descriptors for predicting mutagenicity of organic compounds

A model predictive of the potential mutagenicity of organic compounds was devised by relating mutagenicity data obtained in the Ames reversion test to molecular structure parameters describing their hydrophobic, topological, steric and electronic properties. These included second order valence molecular connectivity index, parachor, molar refraction and polarizability of electrons. A classification rule was calculated, by means of discriminant analysis, using a training set of 117 compounds of various chemical classes. There was agreement between experimental data and theoretical expectations for the majority of compounds (70.9%), with homogeneous figures among the different chemical classes under scrutiny. An exception was represented by halogenated aliphatics with up to 3 C atoms, the mutagenicity of which was poorly predicted by the structural analysis model.     

天津近海富营养化及环境因子的时空变化特征

基于1995—2010年监测数据,通过Mann-Kendall趋势检验和Kriging空间插值等方法,对天津近岸海域氮磷营养盐、有机污染物和富营养状况的时空变化趋势及其成因进行了分析. 结果表明:在天津近岸海域的48个监测时段中,有81.3%的监测时段处于富营养状态,有39.6%的ρ(DIN)和16.7%的ρ(DIP)超过海洋水质四类标准,有89.6%的ρ(COD_Mn)符合海洋水质一类标准;氮和磷为主要污染物,污染物质量浓度和富营养状态的季节性差异显著. ρ(DIP)、ρ(COD_Mn)和营养状态指数的年际变化主要呈下降趋势,ρ(DIN)呈先下降后显著上升的趋势;ρ(DIN)、ρ(DIP)和ρ(COD_Mn)在空间分布上基本遵循近岸高、远岸低的规律,其中ρ(DIN)和ρ(DIP)均显著呈带状分布,并且基本为北高南低. 防治天津近岸海域水体富营养化的关键是削减丰水期和平水期入海径流的氮负荷以及北部海域入海径流的磷负荷.      

废弃液晶显示屏中液晶的回收与性能检测

为回收废弃LCD(液晶显示器)显示屏中的液晶,提出了“超声波辅助有机溶剂溶解液晶屏、膜过滤和减压蒸馏”的回收方法,并以TN-TFT显示模式的液晶屏为试验对象,对回收液晶的光电性能进行检测和相变分析,以评估其潜在的利用价值. 结果表明:方法的回收率达50%;收集物液晶特性明显,呈现出较宽的向列相温变区间和较高的清亮点温度,但纯度不高,达不到日常显示所用的液晶纯度要求(GCMS>99%);响应时间为33.2ms,可以满足日常LCD显示屏的要求;介电常数为4.71,折射率为0.089,虽与纯净液晶相比稍有下降,但可满足标准AM-LCD显示的参数要求;阈值电压为3.2V,比纯净液晶有所提高,可进一步去除离子性杂质进行提纯,以降低阈值电压.      

Antibacterial and antimutagenic activitiy of extracts and essential oil from (Tunisian) Pistacia lentiscus

Aqueous and flavonoid-enriched extract as well as essential oil (EO) obtained from leaves of Pistacia lentiscus were assessed for antibacterial and antimutagenic activities. Antibacterial activity of different extracts and EO were evaluated against six bacterial strains. A marked inhibitory effect was observed against Salmonella typhimurium, whereas lower activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enteritidis. EO showed significant inhibitory effects against Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimutagenic activity of the different extracts against Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and sodium azide was demonstrated with the Salmonella typhymurium assay. The number of revertants per plate decreased significantly when the plant extracts were added to the assay system using Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98 and TA1535.